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Derm Exam 1 > Histology of the Skin > Flashcards

Histology of the Skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are the functions of the skin?

A 
protection
regulate body temp 
reception
absorption
excretion
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2
Q

what kind of epithelium does the epidermis contain?

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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3
Q

what does the dermis contain?

A

superifcial layer: loose CT

deep layer: denser, irregular collagenous CT

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4
Q

what are the cells of the epidermis classified as?

A

keratinocytes

nonkeratinocytes

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5
Q

how long does it take for new cells to migrate from the basal layer of the epidermis to the surface of the skin?

A

20-30 days

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6
Q

Name the types of non-keratinocytes.

A

Langerhans cells
merkel cells
melanocytes

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7
Q

what are langerhans cells? and where are they derived from?

A

are defense cells (APC and dendritic cells) tht are derived from precursors in teh bone marrow –> bloodstream –> differentiate into langerhans cells in the epidermis

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8
Q

where are langerhans cells found in the epidermis?

A

all layers of epidermis, but mainly in stratum spinosum and superficial dermis

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9
Q

Which cell type has birbeck granules?

A

langerhans cells

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10
Q

what does the integument consist of?

A 
skin
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
hair
nails
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11
Q

where are merkel cells found?

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

which cell type is responsible for fine discriminative touch for detecting shape and texture of objects?

A

merkel cells

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13
Q

where are melanocytes derived from?

A

neural crest cells

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14
Q

where are melanocytes located?

A

stratum basale and superficial dermis

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15
Q

what is the precursor to melanin?

A

tyrosine

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16
Q

how does the # of melanocytes vary amount races?

A

total # of melanocytes is the same in all races

it is the pigmentation that changes

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17
Q

how does the number of melanocytes vary in different areas of the skin?

A

varies in different areas of teh skin

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18
Q

how does pigmentation of skin occur?

A 
depends on tyrosinase activity 
# of melanin granules
size
distribution
rate of breakdown
19
Q

what is vitiligo due to?

A

due to a decrease or complete loss of melanocytes

autoimmunity or self-destruction of melanocytes

20
Q

what is albinism due to?

A

melanocytes are present by tyrosinase is defective so no melanin is formed

21
Q

Name the strata of the epidermis from superficial to deep.

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale
22
Q

which layer of epidermis is for “cell renewal”?

A

stratum basale

23
Q

cytoplasmic processes interdigitate btwn cells in which strata and appears as “railroad tracks”?

A

stratum spinosum

24
Q

what is the main function of stratum spinosum?

A

binding neighboring cells together via desmosomes

25
Q

stratum granulosum contains what two types of granules?

A
  1. keratohyalin granules

2. membrane-coating granuels (lamellar bodies)

26
Q

describe the strata of thin skin.

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum basale
    (absence of stratum lucidum and granulosum)
27
Q

where does teh dermis arise from?

A

mesoderm

28
Q

dermal papillae extend into overlying epidermis where they interdigitate w/ epidermal ridges projecting into the dermis

A

true

29
Q

free nerve endings transmit which sensation?

A

pain & temp

30
Q

pacinian corpuscles detect what sensation?

A

pressure, vibration

31
Q

Meissner’s corpsucels detect what sensations?

A

mechanoreceptors, discriminatory, fine touch

32
Q

Krause end bulbs detects what sesnations?

A

function unclear

33
Q

what are eccrine sweat glands?

A

ordinary sweat glands found throughout the body

34
Q

where are apocrine sweat glands found?

A

axilla, areola of nipple, anal region

35
Q

what are eccrine sweat glands innervated by?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

36
Q

what are apocrine sweat glands innervated by?

A

SNS

37
Q

which sweat gland follows holocrine secretion (whole cell is secreted)?

A

sebaceous gland

38
Q

which sweat glands follow merocrine secretion (only secretory producet is secreted)?

A

eccrine

apocrine

39
Q

where does nail growth occur?

A

nail matrix

40
Q

which disorder occurs as a result of auto-ab against desmoglein 1 and 3?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

41
Q

which disorder occurs as a result of auto-ab against desmoglein 1 only?

A

pemphigus foliaceus

42
Q

which disorder results as a result of genetic mutation encoding for structural proteins such as keratins, collagen type 7 or laminin?

A

epidermolysis bullosa

43
Q

which disease results due to genetic mutation encoding for type 7 collagen?

A

generalized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

Derm Exam 1 (11 decks)

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