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Derm Exam 1 > Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Which layer of skin does non-invasive cutaneous mycoses primarily affect?

A

(the epidermal layer)- cornified components of skin

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2
Q

what does invasive mycoses result from?

A

direct penetration of epidermis, dermis and deeper tissue due to injury

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3
Q

how does one acquire a systemic mycoses?

A

usually by a pulmonary infection

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4
Q

what is the most common type of cutaneous mycoses?

A

non-invasive cutaneous mycoses: tinea capitis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis

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5
Q

fungal infections follow one of two courses. describe the self-limited course.

A

acute inflammation and shorter lasting

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6
Q

name the 3 different subgroups of noninvasive cutaneous infections.

A
  1. superficial infections
  2. dermatophyte infections
  3. candidiasis
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7
Q

Name the non-invasive superficial infections.

A

tinea versicolor
tinea nigra palmaris
piedra

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8
Q

what is the causative organisms of tinea versicolor?

A

Pityrosporon orbicular (grows in sebaceous gland-rich areas of the skin)

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9
Q

what are S/S of tinea versicolor?

A
  • hypo or hyperpigmented macules that fail to tan with sun exposure
  • mild itching exacerbated w/ sweating
  • lesions on upper torso, neck and proximal UE
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10
Q

how do you treat tinea versicolor?

A

antifungal shampoos

topical creams: ketoconazole

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11
Q

what is the causative organism of tinea nigra palmaris?

A

C. werneckii

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12
Q

what is tinea nigra palmaris?

A

fungus that infects the stratum corneum of the palms and soles without inflammatory reaction associated with it

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13
Q

how do you treat tinea nigra palmaris?

A

(lesion scrapes off) so use keratolytic agents to exfoliate (Whitfield’s ointment, keralyte gel, 40% urea)

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14
Q

what is a piedra?

A

a condition of the hair shaft characterized by firm irregular nodules composed of elements from the infecting organism

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15
Q

what is the causative organism for a black piedra?

A

Piedraia hortai

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16
Q

what is teh causative organism for a white piedra?

A

Trichosporon cutaneum

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17
Q

Where is white piedra usually found? black piedra?

A

white piedra- SE USA

black piedra- tropical areas

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18
Q

what is the most prevalent fungal infection?

A

tinea pedis

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19
Q

what are the 4 types of tinea pedis?

A
  1. interdigital
  2. vesicular
  3. chronic papulosquamous
  4. ulcerative
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20
Q

what is the causative organism(s) of interdigital tinea pedis?

A

Tricophyton Rubrum
or T. Mentagrophytes
(same for vesicular tinea pedis)

21
Q

what course does interdigital tinea pedis follow?

A

type a or b (self-limiting or chronic progressive)

22
Q

what course does vesicular tinea pedis follow?

A

type a (self-limiting)

23
Q

what is usually the causative organism of chronic papulosquamous tinea pedis?

A

T. Rubrum

24
Q

what course does chronic papulosquamous follow?

A

type b (chronic progressive course)

25
Q

what is the presentation of chronic papulosquamous (mocassin)?

A

minimally inflammatory

dull, erythema,dryness, scaling and hyperkeratosis affecting the plantar skin of both feet in a mocassin distribution

26
Q

what lab testings could you do to look for tinea pedis?

A

KOH prep

look at characteristics on Sabouraud agar

27
Q

which noninvasive cutaneous pathogen has the greatest pathologic potential?

A

cutaneous candidiasis

28
Q

what populations are affected by cutaneous candidasis?

A

diabetes

immunosuppressed

29
Q

s/s of cutaneous candidiasis?

A

burning, stinging and itching occurs in the intertriginous areas of the affected body part

30
Q

what are the clinical presentations of cutaneous candidiasis?

A 
oral candidiasis (thrush) 
angular cheilitis
31
Q

name the invasive cutaneous mycoses.

A

chromoblastomycosis
mycetoma
sporotrichosis
mucormycosis

32
Q

which species cause chromoblastomycosis?

A

fonesca
phialophora
cladosporium

33
Q

what is chromoblastomycoses?

A

fungi that grows as filamentous, saprophytic organisms in the soil, where they extra nutrients from decaying vegetation

34
Q

S/S of chromoblastomycoses

A

itching, warty papule that may progress to draining sinus tract and elephantiasis

35
Q

what will you see on KOH examination of chromoblastomycoses?

A

brown branching hyphae

36
Q

what are the causative organisms for Maduromycosis (mycetoma)?

A

allescheria boydii, madurella, phialophora

may also be cause by bacteria though

37
Q

what is the triad associated with maduromycosis (mycetoma)?

A
  1. draining sinus tracts
  2. discharge fluid containing granules that range in color
  3. nodular tumorous, fibrotic swelling
38
Q

how do you treat actinomycotic infections?

A

Bactrim (TMP-SMX) or dapsone

39
Q

how do you treat eumycotic infections?

A

oral antifungals in conjunction with debridement tends to be unsuccessful-amputation is often required

40
Q

what is the causative organism of sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

41
Q

what are the two types of sporotrichosis?

A
  1. chancriform: tender, sometimes painful nodule on the finger or hand accompanied by lymphadenopathy
  2. fixed cutaneous plaques- tender
42
Q

how do you treat chancriform sporotrichosis?

A

amphotericin B
flucytosine
ketoconazole

43
Q

how do you treat fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis?

A

amphotericin B

44
Q

name the systemic mycoses.

A 
coccidiodomycosis
histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
paracoccidioidomycosis
cryptococcosis
45
Q

what are the causative organisms of the coccidioidomycosis?

A

C. Immitis, C. posadasii

46
Q

which systemic mycoses is endemic to Ohio and Mississippi river valley?

A

blastomycosis

47
Q

which systemic mycoses is paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

south american blastomycosis

48
Q

which systemic mycosis presents as oropharyngeal ulceration?

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

49
Q

what are the 4 pathological syndromes of aspergillus?

A
  1. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
  2. aspergilloma mycetoma
  3. chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis
  4. invasive aspergilllosis

Derm Exam 1 (11 decks)

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