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Neuroanatomy > Histology of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Histology of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

study of tissues

A

histology

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2
Q

viewing tissue on a slide, light beam (colorless) through specimen - stains added to highlight different elements

A

light microscopy

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3
Q

beams of electrons shot through tissue, an image of what is deep inside the cell

A

electron microscopy (TEM)

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4
Q

components of a neuron

A

dendrite, axon, soma, axon terminals

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5
Q

receives information from other neurons via synapse, carry towards soma

A

dendrite

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6
Q

supports metabolic and synthetic needs of the neuron; integrates electrical signals down axon

A

cell body (soma)

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7
Q

transmits information away from the cell body via action potential

A

axon

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8
Q

branching at the end of the axon that makes multiple communications, stores neurotransmitter until released to next neuron

A

axon terminals

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9
Q

cell body and axon only

A

unipolar neuron

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10
Q

single axon and single dendrite

A

bipolar neuron

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11
Q

process emerging from cell body into two different structures

A

pseudo unipolar neuron

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12
Q

multiple dendrites coming in, single axon (most common neuron)

A

multipolar neuron

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13
Q

bind to cell membrane (along CM) and maintain its shape (outer shape maintenance)

A

microfilaments

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14
Q

maintain structural support within the cell

A

neurofilaments

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15
Q

in place for transport of elements toward/away from cell body, largest in diameter

A

microtubules

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16
Q

specialized for receiving signals to bring into soma, extensive branching allows for input from many neurons

A

dendrites

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17
Q

receives input from dendrites, location of metabolic activity

A

soma

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18
Q

used to stain neuron to highlight tissue (dark substance)

A

Nissl bodies

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19
Q

aggregates of rough ER found in neurons; present in soma, absent in axon (no metabolic activity)

A

Nissl bodies

20
Q

arises from the soma as a single process, conducts info away from the soma

A

axon

21
Q

fatty coating around axon; insulates axon and speeds up conduction

A

myelin

22
Q

branching at the end of axon, stores neurotransmitter before released to dendrites of the next neuron for communication

A

axon terminals

23
Q

not myelinated, gap between myelinated segments of the axon

A

Node of Ranvier

24
Q

myelinated segments of the axon, needed for signal transmission

A

internodal segment

25
Q

collection of cell bodies outside of the CNS (outside spinal cord)

A

ganglion

26
Q

collection of cell bodies within CNS (within brainstem)

A

nucleus

27
Q

collection of nerve fibers (axons) that carries information to and away from the CNS

A

nerve

28
Q

collection of nerve fibers (axons) ONLY within the CNS - in brain stem and SC

A

tract

29
Q

bundles of nerve fibers (axons) that carry information to (sensory) and away from (motor) the CNS

A

peripheral nerves

30
Q

critical for peripheral nerve regeneration in the PNS

A

connective tissue sheaths

31
Q

loose connective tissue that surrounds individual axons; innermost layer

A

endoneurium

32
Q

dense collagenous connective tissue layer that surrounds a bindle of axons (fascicle) within the nerve; middle layer

A

perineurium

33
Q

composed of dense connective tissue that binds fascicles together (outermost, thickest layer)

A

epineurium

34
Q

non-neuronal cells within the nervous system that perform a wide variety of support functions to maintain environment; produce myelin

A

glial cells

35
Q

examples of glial cells

A

astrocytes, microglia, myelinating cells

36
Q

myelinating glial cells

A

oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

37
Q

form myelin (bundles) in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

38
Q

form myelin (single bundle) in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

39
Q

represents cell bodies, not myelinated

A

gray matter

40
Q

represents axons (traveling); myelinated

A

white matter

41
Q

employed by neurons to relay info from one part of the neuron to another

A

electrical signals

42
Q

neuron converts electrical signal to this to pass info to another neuron

A

chemical signal

43
Q

target neuron converts message to this to continue process of signal transmission

A

electrical impulse

44
Q

location of synapse between neurons

A

between axon terminal (contains neurotransmitter) and dendrite (receptors)

45
Q

contains neurotransmitter in membrane-bound synaptic vesicles

A

presynaptic element (axon terminal)

46
Q

where neurotransmitter binds, electrical signal located in this neuron

A

postsynaptic element (dendrite)

Neuroanatomy (4 decks)

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