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z OE > histology of salivary glands > Flashcards

histology of salivary glands Flashcards

1
Q

What cells is the parotid gland composed of?

A

Serous cells

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2
Q

Properties of serous cells in parotid gland :

A

Watery and rich in a-amylase

  • Starch digestion - digestion starts in oral cavity
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3
Q

What cells are the submandibular gland composed of?

A

Both serous and mucous cells

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4
Q

Ducts of the submandibular gland :

A
  • Long striated ducts
  • 1 long excretory duct
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5
Q

What does the submandibular gland produce?

A

Growth factors important for epithelial integrity such as :

  • EGF and nerve growth factor
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6
Q

Common problems with the submandibular gland

A

Duct obstructions

  • Prone to having sialolith formation within it
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7
Q

What cells are the sublingual gland composed of?

A

Mucous cells

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8
Q

What do mucous cells produce?

A

Mucous secretion

  • Highly glycosylated proteins such as
    • Mucins which are responsible for lubrications
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9
Q

Ducts of sublingual gland :

A
  • Short striated ducts
  • Long branched excretory ducts
    • Guide saliva intro oral cavity
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10
Q

Steps of the development of salivary glands :

A
  1. Salivary glands derive from epithelial layer of stomatodeum
  • Mesenchymal tissue instructs the epithelial layer to form a placode
  • Rudiment is formed and branching structures to form salivary gland
  1. Cells invade underlying mesenchymal tissue as strings and form long cords
  • Branches of the salivary glands are regulated by epithelial mesenchymal crosstalk
  • Growth factors from mesenchyme play a major role in inducing formation of the salivary glands
  1. Lumen formation
    * Develop the ducts - ductal system forming
  2. Branching Occurs at distal ends
    * Where it will develop into saliva producing acini
  3. Buds form at distal ends
  • Initially 2 layered epithelium which undergoes differentiation:
  • Outer layer
    • myoepithelium which is contractive
    • Represents further muscle of salivary glands
  • Inner layer
    • serous or mucous cells which are responsible for saliva production
    • Dependent on gland they sit in
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11
Q

Which growth factors play a major role in inducing formation of salivary glands?

A

FGF, Shh, TGF-b and their receptors

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12
Q

Where so salivary gland stem cells reside?

A

In ducts

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13
Q

How are salivary gland stem cells regulated?

A

Wnt-signalling

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14
Q

Organisation of major salivary gland

A
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15
Q

What are acini?

A
  • Secretory units made up of mucous or serous cells
  • Lined with myoepithelial cells
  • Embedded in connective tissue forming lobes
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16
Q

What is the septum of the salivary gland?

A
  • Made from connective tissue
  • May contain blood vessels and nerve supply into parenchyma
    • Innervation to secrete saliva
  • Separates lobes
17
Q

What are the lobes of the salivary gland?

A
  • Contain acini
  • Separated by septum
18
Q

What are the ducts of the salivary gland?

A
  • intercalated
    • small ducts from the secretory acini that run into the larger striated duct.
  • striated duct
    • larger duct with specialised epithelial cells that remove sodium chloride from saliva
  • Collecting duct
    • main outlet for the final saliva
19
Q

Structure of lobes and lobules

A
  • Two main elements:
    • Glandular secretory tissue:
      • Parenchyma
        • the functional tissue of an organ
    • Connective supporting tissue:
      • Stroma
        • Faintly stained - scarcely populated with cells
20
Q

types of acini

A

serous

mucous

mixed

21
Q

How are acini distinguished?

A
  • Depending on secretion produced:
    • Parotid:Serous
      • (protein & water)
      • Mostly a-amylase
  • Submandibular:
    • Mixed (80% serous & 20% mucous)
  • Sublingual:
    • Mainly mucous (a few serous)
22
Q

Cell rolls of striated duct

A
  • Modifies saliva
    • Exchange Na and Cl ions so a hypertonic solution becomes hypotonic
    • Required for us to be able to taste salty foods
  • Found between intercalated and terminal ducts
23
Q

Contents of serous cells/acini

A
  • Lots of ER and golgi apparatus
  • Secretory granules (protein)
  • M3 muscarinic cells found on them
    • Innervation cause release of amylase & water
24
Q

Role of serous cell

A
  • Secretion of water & digestive enzyme such as amylase
    • Responsible for main volume of saliva
    • Parasympathetic innervation stimulates release: parotid
25
Q

What secondary messenger in serous acini?

A

Ca2+ and the phopholipase C system

26
Q

What is serous demilunes

A

Mucous producing gland

  • In a mixed serous-mucous acinus, the serous acinus forms a serous demilune around mucous acinus
27
Q

what is

A
  • Serous demilunes
  • Mucous cells - white areas
  • Serous cells - dark half moon shape area
28
Q

What glands are mucous cells found in

A

Submandibular

Sublingual

Minor glands

29
Q

Which cells have high calcium concentrations

A

Mucous cells

30
Q

Mucous cells contain calcium - effects

A

Good source of Ca for remineralisation

Sialolith formation

31
Q

What are myoepithelial cells

A

Contractile cells found surrounding acini

  • Squeeze acini to aid secretion of saliva

Supports parenchyma

32
Q

What are intercalated ducts

A

Smallest duct

Connects acini with striated duct

Single epithelial layer

Does not modify saliva

33
Q

Explain the recovery of Na and Cl ions in striated duct cells

A
  • To create hypotonic saliva
    • Na+/K+ ATPase pumps sodium out and potassium in
      • Influx of Cl and Na
      • Straight forward from diagram
    • Ion channels in the apical membrane face the lumen
    • Bicarbonate is released into saliva and chloride removed
      • Buffering capavity of saliva
    • Duct cells are impermeable to water
34
Q

Structure of terminal/excretory duct

A
  • Double layer of epithelial cells
  • Creates pseudostratified epithelium
35
Q
A
36
Q

How do sialoliths form

A
  • Calcium stone
  • High Ca release from mucous cells
  • Long secretory tract
  • Mainly in submandibular gland
  • Blocks collecting duct
  • Painful
  • Inflammation
37
Q

What is mucoceles

A
  • Tear to main duct of a minor gland
  • On lip
  • Mucus is excreted into the surrounding soft tissue
  • Needs surgical attention
38
Q

what is the role of the myoepithelial cell in saliva secretion and where are these cells found?

A

Contract to squeeze acini and secrete saliva

Found surrounding acini

39
Q
  • How can you distinguish the different cells found in Saliva glands?
  • consider:
    • immunohistochemistry
    • stains
A

Can stain for :

  • Mucins
  • Calcium
    • For mucous cells

z OE (35 decks)

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