Histology Of Breast

Question 1

Describe the nipple

Answer 1

•12-20 small openings of ducts at its tip arranged in a ring secretions emerge to surface at the nipple
• the tip is a round raised ared of modified skin (keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium)
• surrounded by area a = modified skin
• larger sebaceous unless forming small nodular elevatiens=Montgomery’s
tubercles

Question 2

Name two supportive tissues of the breast

Answer 2

Longitudinal and circular smooth muscle bundles fibrocollagenous tissue and adipose tissue

Question 3

Breast development is dependant on what

Answer 3

Hormones

Question 4

When does full development take place

Answer 4

At puberty (there is increase in estrogen leading to bigger breast and more complex duct system of nipple)

Question 5

What part of the breast is developed at birth

Answer 5

The nipple and simple duct system

Question 6

Briefly explain breast development

Answer 6

• it is composed of 12-20 distinct lobes
• each lower consist of duct system with own separate opening in nipple
• embedded in adipose tissue containing fibercollacenous septa

Question 7

What epithelium lines a mamonary lobule

Answer 7

Columnar / cuboidal epithelium

Surface layer epithelial cells and other lager myoepithelial cells

Question 8

Breast changes

Answer 8

1. menstrual cycle→ minor transient structural changes
2. Pregnancy → undergoes extensive proliferation
3. Breast feeding→ TDLU (terminal duct lamina units) increased in size and complexity,lumen are distended with secretion from lining of the epithelium
4. Breast feeding ceases→ TDLU returns to its normal or resting state-by gradual induction over a period of months
5. Aging → fibrocollagenous tissue increase replacing adipose tissue

Question 9

Explain alveoli that form during pregnancy

Answer 9

They are spherical collection of epithelial cells that become the actively milk secreting units

Question 10

What products are contained in the milk

Answer 10

Lactose
Fats
Proteins
Amino acids
Vitamins
Ig

Question 11

What mechanism releases the milk products

Answer 11

Apocrine secretory process= releases lipid droplets

merocrine (via exocytosis)= releases proteins and carbohydrates

Question 12

Mercer secretion of protein

Answer 12

Protein synthesized in ER form membrane vesicles transported via Golgi apparatus and released in fusion with plasma membrane

Question 13

Apocrine secretion of lipids

Answer 13

Free droplets at lips in cytoplasm these droplets join to move to apical region of cell they project into the lumen also have an envelop of plasma membrane then released

Question 14

How is cancer cells detected

Answer 14

Through immunocytochemistry where they show up as Brown stained tumour cells with high levels of estrogen receptors