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MSS - CV Exam 1 > Histology: Heart and Vessels > Flashcards

Histology: Heart and Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

blood away from heart

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2
Q

veins

A

blood toward heart

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3
Q

exchange at capillaries?

A

nutrient, oxygen, waste

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4
Q

capillary structure?

A

singe layer of simple squamous epithelium surrounded by basement membrane

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5
Q

endothelium

A

the simple squamous epithelium lining vessels

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6
Q

vessels?

A

all lined by epithelium

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7
Q

red blood cell diameters?

A

7.5 microns

vessel is 8 microns (barely fits!)

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8
Q

passive exchange

A

simple diffusion to capillaries

-small molecules (water-soluble) and water

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9
Q

pinocytotic exchange

A

transport soluble high molecular weight molecules across endothelial wall

invaginations of cell membrane on both inner and outer surfaces

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10
Q

diapedesis

A

ameboid migration movement that allows cells (WBCs and macrophages) to pass endothelium

also done by immune cells

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11
Q

capillary junctions

A

adjacent cell membranes joined by tight junctions

prevent fluid loss
-not a strong adhesion

white blood cells can break these tight junctions

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12
Q

red blood cells

A

can bend (flexible)

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13
Q

fenestrae

A

in some organ capillary endothelium

thin windows
-pores closed by diaphragm thinner than unit membrane

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14
Q

discontinuous capillary

A

sinusoid

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15
Q

pericytes

A

cells surrounding capillaries and small venules

supportive - angiogenesis and vessel repair

may have contractile properties
-possible cause for constriction of vessels

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16
Q

sinusoid

A

not continuous membrane (or basement membrane)

where you need an excessive amount of exchange

liver, spleen, bone marrow

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17
Q

disse space

A

in liver
-allows direct communication between vascular space and parenchyma of organ

things can move back and forth

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18
Q

phagocytic cells

A

in some sinusoids

-

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19
Q

kupffer cells

A

liver sinusoids

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20
Q

macrophages

A

bone marrow, spleen sinusoids

21
Q

tunica intima

A

nearest lumen

22
Q

tunica media

A

external to intima

23
Q

tinuca adventita

A

outermost vessel coat

aka tunica externa

24
Q

morphology tunica intima

A

endothelium surrounds lumen
basement membrane underlies endothelium

subendothelial connective tissue

fibroblasts and CT fibers some of which run longitudinally

25
Q

inner elastic lamina

A

IEL
fenestarted layer composed of accumulated elastic fibers

outermost component of tunica intima

26
Q

morphology of tunica media

A

consists largely of smooth muscle

also connective tissue fibers

circumferentially arranged
-numerous CT fibers formed by specialized smooth muscle cells

27
Q

external elastic lamina

A

EEL
concentration of elastic fibers
form outermost component of tunica media

28
Q

morphology of tunica adventitia

A

largely connective tissue of moderate density

longitudinally arranged**

formed by fibroblasts

merges with loose connective tissue

29
Q

classifications of arteries

A

arterioles
medium sized - muscular arteries
large sized - elastic arteries

**continuous transitions between artery type

30
Q

arteriole

A

has less than 5 layers of smooth muscle***

tunica intima - very thin
tunica media - 1-5 layers of smooth muscle
-control blood flow, regulate BP, no visible external elastic lamina
tunica adventitia - usually thinner than media (not well developed)

31
Q

capillary

A

have no smooth muscle

32
Q

medium arteries

A

muscular artery

tunica intima - small amount of subendothelial CT present, also a well-developed IEL
tunica media - 5-40 layers of smooth muscle
smaller arteries have lower elastic fiber content, larger arteries have increasing quantities of elastin

ANS control of smooth muscle regulates blood flow

tunica adventitia
-usually thinner than media, some elastic fiber near media, mostly composed of collagen

33
Q

elastic lamina

A

produced by smooth muscles
help to create an elastic vessel

want it to be able to maintain size**
-efficient delivery

34
Q

what is larger?

A

veins larger than artery

because it is lower pressure

35
Q

large artery

A

elastic artery

tunica intima - endothelial cells may be polygonal
subendothelial CT relatively thick with many fibers
IEL present but not as distinct muscular arteries

tunica media - smooth muscle fibers, much elastic fiber accumulation
elastic lamina - numerous thin tubular elastic membranes

tunica adventitia - thinner than media, exclusively CT

36
Q

radial artery

A

medium artery

37
Q

verhoefs stain

A

silver staining

elastic fibers take it up

38
Q

vasa vasorum

A

small nutrient arteries supplying walls of larger arteries

blood supply to the wall of larger vessels

39
Q

carotid body

A

mass of epitheliod and nerve endings

found at biurcation of common carotid to internal and external

stimulates response in response to lowered blood O2

40
Q

carotid sinus

A

dilation of internal carotid artery

contains specialized nerve endings

in response to blood pressure

41
Q

vein classification

A

venules
-post-capillary and muscular

small veins
medium veins
large veins

42
Q

pericytic venules

A

post-capillary venules

43
Q

vein structure

A 
tunica intima
-diffuse IEL, only larger veins
tunica media
-major point of difference
-not prominent layer in veins (but it is in arteries)
tunca adventitia
-where you find venous smooth muscle
-thickest part of vein
44
Q

valves

A

in medium veins
-and in lower limb

paired invagination of tunica intima

free edges face in direction of blood flow

have intimal core
-reinforced by collagen and elastic fibers

absent in portal systems
assist under low blood pressure

45
Q

venule structure

A

tunica adventitia - thickest part

primarily

46
Q

medium vein structure

A

see notes**

47
Q

large vein structure

A

see notes**

vena cava, portal vein

48
Q

arteries versus veins

A

see notes**

49
Q

cardiac muscle

A

see notes**

MSS - CV Exam 1 (14 decks)

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