Histology Epithelium and CT (Reynolds)

Question 1

what is epithelial tissue derived from?

Answer 1

all 3 germ layers

Question 2

what are the components of the basement membrane?

What does the BM control?

Answer 2

• collagen (types 4 and 7)
• proteoglycans (protein core + GAG)
• Laminin, Entactin, Fibronectin
• underlying reticular fibers

controls cellular growth, metabolism, differentiation

Question 3

what are the three layers of the basement membrane from superficial to deep?

Answer 3

• lamina lucia
• lamina densa (basal lamina)
• lamina fibroreticularis

Question 4

where would you find epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

covering body surfaces, lining cavities, lining ducts/glands, lining organs

Question 5

Which two simple squamous epithelium types are mesodermally derived?

Answer 5

endothelium -lining vessels

mesothelium - lining body cavities

Question 6

where would you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 6

ducts/glands, kidney tubules, thyroid gland

Question 7

where would you find simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 7

lining stomach, intestines, collecting ducts of kidneys

Question 8

where would you find psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium ?

Answer 8

nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi

moves mucus with cilia

Question 9

where would you find stratified squamous epithelium ?

Answer 9

skin, anus, vagina,

any place with lots of abrasion actions

Question 10

what are some luminal surface modification of epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

cilia- movement
microvilli - absorption
stereocilia (enlongated microvilli)

Question 11

what are some things epithelial cells can secrete by hormonal and nervous control?

Answer 11

proteins
mucin
lipid
ions and h2o

Question 12

epithelial cells specialized for production and secretion of proteins would have a well developed?

Answer 12

Rough ER.
lots of polarity
abundant secretory granules

Question 13

epithelial cells specialized for production and secretion of mucin would have well developed?

Answer 13

RER and supranuclear Golgi.

(Mucin is a proteoglycan, made of protein core + glycosaminoglycans [repeating disaccharides] attached)

Golgi attached the GAGs

Question 14

epithelial cells specialized for production and secretion of lipid (steroid) would have well developed?

Answer 14

Smooth ER!

Smooth ER for lipid production, detox, and new membrane formation

Question 15

what are the three types of exocrine secretions?

Answer 15

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

Question 16

with Apocrine secretions, product is released with ?

Answer 16

small portion of cytoplasm in envelope of plasma membrane

Question 17

with Merocrine secretions, product is released by?

Answer 17

vesicles, exiting cell by exocytosis

Question 18

with Holocrine secretions, product is released by?

Answer 18

accumulation, then released when cell undergoes apoptosis

Question 19

Two types of exocrine secretions?

Answer 19

mucus vs serous

muscus would be glycosylated, slimy

serous would be watery, not glycosylated

Question 20

exocrine gland, type of unicellular gland?

Answer 20

goblet cells, single cell in isolation

Question 21

exocrine gland, type of multicellular gland?

Answer 21

sweat, intestinal, salivary, mammary glands

composed of 1 or more cell

Question 22

with multicellular exocrine glands, invaginations ____ surface area.

Epithelial cells can be divided into specialized zone with differing functions called ____ cells or ____ cells.

Answer 22

increase

secretory cells or ductal cells

Question 23

the nomenclature of exocrine glands in regards to branching or non branching is for the ___ portion of the gland.

Answer 23

duct portion

branched duct- compound
non branched duct- simple

Question 24

Connective Tissue comes from what germ layer?

Answer 24

Mesoderm/mesenchyme

Question 25

CT extracellular matrix consists of?

Answer 25

fibers
ground substance
extracellular fluid

Question 26

collagen fibers are made of collagen fibrils in a triple helix chains called?

Answer 26

tropocollagen

Question 27

Type 1 collagen found in?

Answer 27

support tissue for mechanical support/ tensile strength

bones…

Question 28

type 2 collagen?

Answer 28

hyaline cartilage

Question 29

type 3 collagen? aka

Answer 29

aka reticulin, formed branched meshwork.

found in reticular loose CT, looks like dark mesh-like lines

Question 30

Type 4 and 7 collagen found?

Answer 30

in basement membranes

Question 31

Reticulin is made of what type of collagen?

Answer 31

type 3.

Question 32

elastic fibers allows for stretch and distension and are composed of a ___ core and ___ microfibrils.

Answer 32

elastin core and fibrillin microfibrils.

elastin is a type of dense CT.

Question 33

what is the primary component of ground substance in CT?

Answer 33

proteoglycans !