Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTOLOGY > HISTOLOGY AND CELL > Flashcards

HISTOLOGY AND CELL Flashcards

1
Q

This is the study of the tissues of the body and these tissues are arranged to constitute organs. It involves all aspects of tissue biology.

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the two interacting components of tissue?

A

Cell and extra-cellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This consists of many kinds of macromolecules, most of which form complex structures, such as collagen fibrils.

A

Extra-cellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This produces the extra-cellular matrix locally and are in turn strongly influenced by matrix molecules.

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is a method for localizing cellular structures using a specific enzymatic activity present in those structures.

A

Enzyme chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This enzyme removes phosphate groups from macromolecules

A

Phosphatases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This transfers hydrogen ions from one substrate to another, such as many enzymes of the citric acid (krebs cycle), allowing histochemical identification such as enzymes in mitochondria

A

Dehydrogenases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This promotes the oxidation of substrates with the transfer of hydrogen ions to peroxide.

A

Peroxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This is the basic structural and functional unit; the smallest living part of the body.

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These are enclosed by cell membranes and identified as a eukaryotic cell

A

Animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It has no nuclear membrane; the only compartment is cytoplasm; nuclear content is mixed with cytoplasmic content.

A

Prokaryotic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It has nuclear membrane; nuclear content is separated with cytoplasmic content

A

Eukaryotic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the other term for plasma membrane?

A

Plasmalemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It is composed of 3 layers namely: Layer of
glycoprotein, fats, and another layer of
glycoprotein. (TRILAMINAR)

A

Plasma membrane/Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This is a bilipid layer (OUTER: polar; INNER: non-polar); this is important because it determines the permeability and non-permeability of the cell.

A

Fatty layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This transport mechanism does not require energy input.

A

Passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give the examples of passive transport?

A

Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is a type of passive transport; it transfers materials without any support; the process in which solutes are passed through the concentration gradient in a solution across a semipermeable membrane

A

Simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This is a type of passive transport; it is a type
of diffusion in which the molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier.

A

Facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This is a type of passive transport; transfer of water from one component to the other.

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This is a type of passive transport; this is the segregation of the materials that are needed and to
excrete the materials that are not needed.

A

Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This type of transport needs a lot of energy to execute.

A

Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle

A

Endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells. (CELL EATING)

A

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

“Pino” means “to drink”; it is a process by which the cell takes in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules. In this process, the cell membrane folds and creates small pockets and captures the cellular fluid and dissolved substances. (CELL DRINKING)

A

Pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This expels the material; it is the process by which cells move materials from within the cell into the extracellular fluid. It occurs when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, allowing its contents to be released outside the cell.

A

Exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

These are multi-pass proteins forming transmembrane pores through which ions or small molecules pass selectively.

A

Channels

28
Q

These are transmembrane proteins that bind small molecules and translocate them across the membrane via conformational changes.

A

Carriers

29
Q

This is mostly water with chemical compounds in
solution or colloid.

A

Cytoplasm

30
Q

This is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it synthesizes the ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

This is the inner folds where cellular respiration occurs. It increases when there’s a need for more energy. It also synthesizes nucleic acids and proteins.

A

Cristae

32
Q

These are located at the cytoplasm; this is where synthesis of protein starts and then completed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum which they are attached to.

A

Ribosomes

33
Q

This is the largest organelle.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

This is where the protein synthesis happens, so that the rest of the cell can function.

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

35
Q

It has many functions such as: fat transport, synthesis of sex hormones (Leydig cells producing testosterone), production of hydrochloric acid (found in stomach to the parietal cell), releases of calcium during muscular contraction.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

This is known as the “packaging apparatus” because it takes what the ER produces and pack/store it for cell use, for future uses, or for transferring it to other cells.

A

Golgi apparatus

37
Q

They are known as “suicide bugs” because when they kill an opponent, they also kill their selves in the process; it contains acid hydrolases. They play a role in cellular defense.

A

Lysosomes

38
Q

They are the one responsible for removing H radicals (they are deleted to initiate changes in
multiplication of cells which may cause cancer).

A

Peroxisomes/Microbodies

39
Q

They are found in melanocytes, containing the pigment called the “melanin”.

A

Melanosomes

40
Q

They are found in every cell, used for excluding materials called “exocytosis”.

A

Secretory granules

41
Q

This is a source of energy; found in organs such as liver.

A

Glycogen

42
Q

These are found in fat cells, also a source of energy.

A

Lipid

43
Q

They are known as wear and tear pigments since the amount increases over time (i.e., with advancing age) in cells like hepatocytes and neurons which are both permanent (not routinely replenished) and metabolically active. Found in cardiac cells—indicates if the cell is about to die.

A

Lypofuscin

44
Q

This is the pigment found in melanocytes that gives our skin color.

A

Melanin

45
Q

This gives the red blood cells its color

A

Hemoglobin

46
Q

This is seen in the liver and they are converted into conjugated bilirubin excreted through the intestine which gives the golden color of our stool.

A

Bilirubin

47
Q

These are found in the interstitial cells of Leydig in the testis—the one responsible for the secretion of
testosterone

A

Crystals of reinke

48
Q

These are found in Sertoli cells which are also found
in the testis.

A

Crystals of charcot-bottcher

49
Q

This is a complex array of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments; it helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

A

Cytoskeleton

50
Q

This regulates cell growth and movement as well as key signaling events, which modulate fundamental cellular processes.

A

Microtubule

51
Q

This is the control center of the cell; nuclear membrane has pores to allow substances passage.

A

Nucleus

52
Q

This separates the cytoplasm from nucleoplasm.

A

Nuclear envelope

53
Q

This is the combination of DNA and its associated proteins

A

Chromatin

54
Q

This is a very basophilic or electron-dense area of chromatin localized where rRNA transcription and ribosomal sub-units assembly occur.

A

Nucleolus

55
Q

This is the sequence of events that controls cell growth and division.

A

Cell cycle

56
Q

This is the longest part of the cycle, it begins immediately after mitosis and includes all preparations for DNA replication.

A

G1 phase

57
Q

This is the period of DNA (and histone) synthesis

A

S phase

58
Q

This is the phase where the cell prepares for division during MITOSIS

A

G2 phase

59
Q

This is the period of cell division; produces daughter cells that has the same number of chromosomes of the mother cell (sometimes called as cloning).

A

Mitosis

60
Q

This is the long period between mitoses (the G1, S, and G2 phases).

A

Interphase

61
Q

The chromosomes progressively shorten and thicken to form double structures; degenaration of the nuclear membrane; mitotic apparatus begins to form.

A

Prophase

62
Q

This is when the chromatids align at the equatorial plane.

A

Metaphase

63
Q

This is when the sister chromatids separates and move toward opposite spindle poles by a combination of microtubule motor proteins and dynamic changes in the lengths of the microtubules as the spindle poles move farther apart.

A

Anaphase

64
Q

This is the resting phase; if the cell is not multiplying, it goes to this phase because if it could not multiply then there’s a sign of abnormality (characteristic of a cancer cell). This serves as a feed back to prevent the abnormalities.

A

G0 phase

65
Q

This is when the chromosomes begin to decondense, the spindle breaks down, and the nuclear membranes and nucleoli re-form.

A

Telophase

66
Q

This is the cell division of gametes (sperm and egg); it could produce a chromosome that is half the number of the chromosome of parent cell—so when the sperm and egg meet together, they again produce a double chromosome—which is a normal number

A

Meiosis

HISTOLOGY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions