EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Question 1

What are the four basic types of tissue?

Answer 1

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nerve tissues.

Question 2

This is the lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion.

Answer 2

Epithelial cells

Question 3

This supports and protects the tissues/organs

Answer 3

Connective tissue

Question 4

This serves as a strong contraction; body movements

Answer 4

Muscle tissue

Question 5

This serves as a transmission of nerve impulses.

Answer 5

Nerve tissue

Question 6

What are the shapes of epithelial cells?

Answer 6

Columnar, cuboidal, and squamous cells

Question 7

This has generally elongated nuclei.

Answer 7

Columnar cells

Question 8

This has flattened nuclei

Answer 8

Squamous cells

Question 9

This has spherical nuclei

Answer 9

Cuboidal cells

Question 10

What is the connective tissue that underlies the epithelia lining the organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary system?

Answer 10

Lamina propia

Question 11

This is the area of contact between the two tissues that can be increased by small evagination. This is often occurs in epithelial tissues that are subject to friction (E.G TONGUE, SKIN).

Answer 11

Papillae

Question 12

This is the region of the cell contacting the extra-cellular matrix and connective tissue.

Answer 12

Basal pole

Question 13

This is the opposite end of basal pole, it is usually facing a space.

Answer 13

Apical pole

Question 14

This is the basal surface of all epithelia that rests on a thin extracellular. felt-like sheet of macromolecules; this is the entire structure beneath the epithelial cells that is visible with light microscope.

Answer 14

Basement membrane

Question 15

This is the nearest structure in the epithelial cells; it usually denotes the fine extra-cellular layer seen ultrastructurally.

Answer 15

Basal lamina

Question 16

This seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling passage of molecules between them; separates apical and basolateral membrane domains.

Answer 16

Tight junction

Question 17

This provides points linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells; strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junctions

Answer 17

Adherens junction/Zonula adherens

Question 18

This provides points of strong intermediate filament coupling between adjacent cells, strengthening the tissue; this junction resembles a single “spot-weld” and does not form a belt around the cell.

Answer 18

Desmosome/Macula adherens

Question 19

This anchors cytoskeleton to the basal lamina

Answer 19

Hemidesmosome

Question 20

This allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another

Answer 20

Gap junction/Nexus

Question 21

What are the proteins of tight junction?

Answer 21

Claudin and Occludin

Question 22

These are usually uniform in length; seen in the apical cell surfaces; found in the lining of small intestine, densely packed and visible as a brush or striated border that projects into the lumen.

Answer 22

Microvilli

Question 23

These are best seen on the absorptive epithelial cells lining the male reproductive system; it is typically much more longer and less motile than microvilli and may show branching distally.

Answer 23

Stereocilia

Question 24

These are long, highly motile apical structures, larger than microvilli containing internal arrays of microtubules.

Answer 24

Cilia

Question 25

What are the 2 main groups of epithelia?

Answer 25

Covering (lining) epithelia and Secretory (glandular) epithelia

Question 26

These are organized into one or more layers that cover the surface or line the cavities of an organ.

Answer 26

Covering (lining) epithelia

Question 27

This is found mainly in the epidermis of skin, where it helps prevent dehydration from the tissue.

Answer 27

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Question 28

This lines moist internal cavities (mouth, esophagus, and vagina) where water loss is not a problem.

Answer 28

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Question 29

This occurs in the excretory ducts of salivary and sweat glands.

Answer 29

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 30

This is seen in the conjunctiva lining the eyelids, where it is both protective and mucus secreting.

Answer 30

Stratified columnar epithelium

Question 31

This line the urinary tract, extending from the kidneys to the proximal part of the urethra, and is characterized by a superficial layer of large, dome-like cells sometimes called as umbrella cells.

Answer 31

Transitional epithelium or urothelium

Question 32

These are tall, irregular cells that are attached to the basement membrane but their nuclei are at different levels and not all cells extend to the free surface.

Answer 32

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 33

These are epithelial cells that function mainly to produce and secrete various macromolecules and may occur in epithelia with other major functions or comprise specialized organs.

Answer 33

Glands

Question 34

These are the cells that may synthesize, store, and release proteins, lipids. or complexes of carbohydrates and proteins.

Answer 34

Secretory

Question 35

This is abundant in the lining of the small intestine and respiratory tract which secretes lubricating mucus that aids the function of these organs

Answer 35

Goblet cell

Question 35

This is abundant in the lining of the small intestine and respiratory tract which secretes lubricating mucus that aids the function of these organs

Answer 35

Goblet cell

Question 36

This secretes substances on to an epithelial surface by way of a duct.

Answer 36

Exocrine glands

Question 36

This secretes substances on to an epithelial surface by way of a duct.

Answer 36

Exocrine glands

Question 37

This is duct-less glands that absorbs their secreted hormone products for transport in blood to target cells throughout the body.

Answer 37

Endocrine glands

Question 38

This is a specific mode of secretion involving secretion of entire cytoplasmic materials with remnants of dead cells, as observed in multicellular exocrine glands of reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Answer 38

Holocrine secretion

Question 39

This is a type of exocrine gland in which the secretory products are released without resulting any damage to the cell.

Answer 39

Merocrine secretion

Question 40

A part of the cell is excreted out together with secretory product of the cell (partial destruction)

Answer 40

Apocrine secretion