Histology

Question 1

what arteries enter the hilum from the broad ligament

Answer 1

helicine

Question 2

what is the core of the ovary called

Answer 2

medulla

Question 3

what is the outer part of the ovary called

Answer 3

cortex

Question 4

what is the medulla made up of

Answer 4

N + A + Vs
lymphatics
loose connective tissue

Question 5

what is contained in the cortex

Answer 5

scattered ovarian follicles in a highly cellular connective tissue stroma

Question 6

the outer shell of the cortex is dense connective tissue called the

Answer 6

tunica albuginea

Question 7

what cells cover the ovary

Answer 7

single layer of cuboidal cells called the germinal epithelium

Question 8

what is contained in a primordial follicle

Answer 8

oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells

Question 9

what are the 3 types of pre-antral follicle

Answer 9

primordial follicle –> early primary follicle –> late primary follicle

Question 10

a secondary follicle matures to become a

Answer 10

mature graafian follicle

Question 11

what is left behind when the mature graafian follicle ruptures and releases an oocyte

Answer 11

corpus haemorrhagium which goes on to form corpus luteum

Question 12

what week of gestation do germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries

Answer 12

week 6

Question 13

germ cells proliferate by ____ to form oogonia

Answer 13

mitosis

Question 14

before birth the oogonia begin _____ but halt at _____

Answer 14

meiosis

prophase 1

Question 15

what is oogenesis

Answer 15

development of oocytes from oogonia

Question 16

what is folliculogenesis

Answer 16

growth of the follicle which consists of oocyte and any assoc. support cells

Question 17

what is atresia

Answer 17

apoptosis based loss of oogonia and oocytes

Question 18

when do you have the highest number of germ cells

Answer 18

7 months in utero

Question 19

in a 20 year old, around __ follicles restart development per day. in a 40 year old the value is _

Answer 19

15

1

Question 20

if follicle fails to associate with _______ cells it will die

Answer 20

pregranulosa

Question 21

primordial follicle has _____ granulosa cells

Answer 21

squamous pregranulosa cells

Question 22

primary follicle has _____ granulosa cells

Answer 22

cuboidal granulosa cells

Question 23

what is the layer of cuboidal granulosa cells of a primary follicle called

Answer 23

zona granulosa

Question 24

what is the zona pellucida

Answer 24

the layer of extracellular matrix that forms between the oocyte and the granulosa cells in a primary follicle as the oocyte enlarges

Question 25

stromal cells associating with the outside of the follicle will go on to form the ____ _____

Answer 25

theca folliculi

Question 26

what is found between the granulosa cells and stromal cells

Answer 26

basal lamina

Question 27

as the granulosa cell layer proliferates, the inner layers of adjacent stromal cells (theca folliculi) transform into the ____ _____

Answer 27

theca interna

Question 28

the theca interna will go on to do what

Answer 28

secrete oestrogen precursors

Question 29

what cells convert the oestrogen precursors from the theca interna into oestrogen

Answer 29

granulosa cells

Question 30

the outer layer of stromal cells remain fibro-blast like and form ____ ____

Answer 30

theca externa

Question 31

as the primary follicle enlarges, a space called the _____ filled with follicular fluid forms in the granulosa cells layer forming a _____ follicle

Answer 31

antrum | secondary

Question 32

what are the largest antral follicles called

Answer 32

graafian follicles

Question 33

how big can graafian follicles be

Answer 33

up to 20mm

Question 34

one day before ovulation, the oocyte in the largest graafian follicle will do what

Answer 34

complete meiosis I

Question 35

what is produced when the oocyte completes meiosis I

Answer 35

produces a secondary oocyte and a polar body

Question 36

what does the polar body do

Answer 36

carries the 2nd nucleus away to degenerate

Question 37

secondary oocyte begins meiosis II but stops at _____

Answer 37

metaphase II

Question 38

when will the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II to become a fully mature oocyte

Answer 38

after ovulation and it has been fertilised

Question 39

what is produced when the secondary follicle is fertilised

Answer 39

a second polar body

Question 40

what is the corona radiata

Answer 40

the granulosa cells that surround the secondary follicle before ovulation

Question 41

what does a follicle stigma indicate

Answer 41

imminent rupture of a follicle to release oocyte

Question 42

after ovulation the follicle transforms into the ____ ____

Answer 42

corpus luteum

Question 43

what does the corpus luteum release

Answer 43

oestrogens and progesterones

Question 44

what happens to corpus luteum if there is no implantation

Answer 44

becomes corpus albicans

Question 45

how is the corpus luteum maintained if implantation does occur

Answer 45

HCG secreted by placenta

Question 46

the corpus luteum secretes ____ which maintains pregnancy

Answer 46

progesterone

Question 47

how does an ovum move down the uterine tube

Answer 47

gentle peristalsis and currents created by ciliated epithelium

Question 48

what do secretory cells in the uterine tube epithelium do

Answer 48

secrete nutrients

Question 49

where does fertilisation usually occur

Answer 49

ampulla

Question 50

what lines the ampulla

Answer 50

simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells

Question 51

the mucosa of the ampulla is highly _____

Answer 51

folded

Question 52

the ampulla is surrounded by ____ ____

Answer 52

smooth muscle

Question 53

Both ciliogenesis and secretion in the ampulla are ____

Answer 53

cyclic

Question 54

describe the epithelium of the isthmus

Answer 54

much simpler architecture - mostly secretory epithelium and a few ciliated cells

Question 55

how many layers of smooth muscle are there in the ampulla

Answer 55

2

Question 56

how many layers of smooth muscle are there in the isthmus

Answer 56

3

Question 57

what are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 57

endometrium myometrium perimetrium

Question 58

what is the endometrium

Answer 58

inner wall of secretory mucosa

Question 59

what are the 2 layers of the endometrium

Answer 59

stratum functionalis | stratum basalis

Question 60

what is the stratum functionalis

Answer 60

layer that undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss

Question 61

what is the endometrium made up of

Answer 61

tubular secretory glands embedded in connective tissue stroma

Question 62

what is the stratum basalis

Answer 62

reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis

Question 63

what is the myometrium

Answer 63

coat of 3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue

Question 64

what is the perimetrium

Answer 64

outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

Question 65

during the proliferative phase the stratum ______ proliferates

Answer 65

stratum basalis - glands, storma and vasculature grow which increases the thickness of the endometrium by reconstituting the SF

Question 66

describe the lining of the glands during the proliferative phase

Answer 66

pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines glands which are relatively straight

Question 67

in the proliferative phase, stroma is proliferating due to _____

Answer 67

oestrogen

Question 68

when does the proliferative phase end

Answer 68

1 day after ovulation

Question 69

what do the glands look like during the secretory phase

Answer 69

coiled with a cork screw appearance

Question 70

what do the glands secrete during the secretory phase

Answer 70

glycogen

Question 71

what happens in the menstrual phase

Answer 71

arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction - depriving tissue of blood causing ischaemia with resultant tissue breakdown, leakage of blood and tissue sloughing

Question 72

what lines the cervix at the vaginal surface

Answer 72

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 73

what lines the inner cervix

Answer 73

mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

Question 74

what is the site called where the epithelium changes between ecto and endo cervix

Answer 74

transition zone

Question 75

the mucous secreting epithelium of canal is deeply furrowed forming _______ ____

Answer 75

endocervical glands

Question 76

what are the endocervical gland secretions like during the proliferative phase

Answer 76

thin and watery to allow passage of sperm

Question 77

what are the endocervical gland secretions like following ovulation

Answer 77

thick and viscous to prevent passage of microoragnisms or sperm

Question 78

what is a nabothian cyst

Answer 78

when outlet of an endocervical gland is blocked

Question 79

what are the 4 layers of the vagina

Answer 79

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium lamina propria fibromuscular layer adventitia

Question 80

during the reproductive years the non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium layer is ____ and cells are _____ due to _______ _____

Answer 80

thicker enlarged glycogen accumulation

Question 81

what is the lamina propria

Answer 81

connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin walled blood vessels

Question 82

what makes up the fibromuscular layer

Answer 82

inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle

Question 83

are there glands in the wall of the vagina

Answer 83

no

Question 84

how is the vagina lubricated

Answer 84

mucous from cervical glands and fluid from thin walled blood vessels of lamina propria

Question 85

how do commensal bacteria prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria

Answer 85

metabolise glycogen to lactic acid

Question 86

what is the mons pubis

Answer 86

skin overlying the pubic symphysis which contains highly oblique hair follicles and a substantial subcutaneous fat pad

Question 87

the labia majora are extensions of the _____ ___

Answer 87

mons pubis

Question 88

the labia majora are rich in what glands

Answer 88

apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Question 89

do the labia majora have hair follicles

Answer 89

outer surface but not inner

Question 90

the labia minora lack

Answer 90

subcutaneous fat and hair follicles

Question 91

the labia minora are rich in

Answer 91

vasculature and sebaceous glands

Question 92

keratinised epithelium extends into the vagina to the level of what

Answer 92

the hymen

Question 93

the clitoris contains _ tubes of erectile tissue (vasculature) called the

Answer 93

corpora cavernosa

Question 94

the corpora cavernosa is covered by what

Answer 94

fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin rich in innervation and thin epidermis