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YEAR 3 REPRO > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what arteries enter the hilum from the broad ligament

A

helicine

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2
Q

what is the core of the ovary called

A

medulla

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3
Q

what is the outer part of the ovary called

A

cortex

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4
Q

what is the medulla made up of

A

N + A + Vs
lymphatics
loose connective tissue

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5
Q

what is contained in the cortex

A

scattered ovarian follicles in a highly cellular connective tissue stroma

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6
Q

the outer shell of the cortex is dense connective tissue called the

A

tunica albuginea

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7
Q

what cells cover the ovary

A

single layer of cuboidal cells called the germinal epithelium

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8
Q

what is contained in a primordial follicle

A

oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells

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9
Q

what are the 3 types of pre-antral follicle

A

primordial follicle –> early primary follicle –> late primary follicle

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10
Q

a secondary follicle matures to become a

A

mature graafian follicle

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11
Q

what is left behind when the mature graafian follicle ruptures and releases an oocyte

A

corpus haemorrhagium which goes on to form corpus luteum

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12
Q

what week of gestation do germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries

A

week 6

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13
Q

germ cells proliferate by ____ to form oogonia

A

mitosis

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14
Q

before birth the oogonia begin _____ but halt at _____

A

meiosis

prophase 1

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15
Q

what is oogenesis

A

development of oocytes from oogonia

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16
Q

what is folliculogenesis

A

growth of the follicle which consists of oocyte and any assoc. support cells

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17
Q

what is atresia

A

apoptosis based loss of oogonia and oocytes

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18
Q

when do you have the highest number of germ cells

A

7 months in utero

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19
Q

in a 20 year old, around __ follicles restart development per day. in a 40 year old the value is _

A

15

1

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20
Q

if follicle fails to associate with _______ cells it will die

A

pregranulosa

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21
Q

primordial follicle has _____ granulosa cells

A

squamous pregranulosa cells

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22
Q

primary follicle has _____ granulosa cells

A

cuboidal granulosa cells

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23
Q

what is the layer of cuboidal granulosa cells of a primary follicle called

A

zona granulosa

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24
Q

what is the zona pellucida

A

the layer of extracellular matrix that forms between the oocyte and the granulosa cells in a primary follicle as the oocyte enlarges

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25
Q

stromal cells associating with the outside of the follicle will go on to form the ____ _____

A

theca folliculi

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26
Q

what is found between the granulosa cells and stromal cells

A

basal lamina

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27
Q

as the granulosa cell layer proliferates, the inner layers of adjacent stromal cells (theca folliculi) transform into the ____ _____

A

theca interna

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28
Q

the theca interna will go on to do what

A

secrete oestrogen precursors

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29
Q

what cells convert the oestrogen precursors from the theca interna into oestrogen

A

granulosa cells

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30
Q

the outer layer of stromal cells remain fibro-blast like and form ____ ____

A

theca externa

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31
Q

as the primary follicle enlarges, a space called the _____ filled with follicular fluid forms in the granulosa cells layer forming a _____ follicle

A

antrum

secondary

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32
Q

what are the largest antral follicles called

A

graafian follicles

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33
Q

how big can graafian follicles be

A

up to 20mm

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34
Q

one day before ovulation, the oocyte in the largest graafian follicle will do what

A

complete meiosis I

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35
Q

what is produced when the oocyte completes meiosis I

A

produces a secondary oocyte and a polar body

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36
Q

what does the polar body do

A

carries the 2nd nucleus away to degenerate

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37
Q

secondary oocyte begins meiosis II but stops at _____

A

metaphase II

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38
Q

when will the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II to become a fully mature oocyte

A

after ovulation and it has been fertilised

39
Q

what is produced when the secondary follicle is fertilised

A

a second polar body

40
Q

what is the corona radiata

A

the granulosa cells that surround the secondary follicle before ovulation

41
Q

what does a follicle stigma indicate

A

imminent rupture of a follicle to release oocyte

42
Q

after ovulation the follicle transforms into the ____ ____

A

corpus luteum

43
Q

what does the corpus luteum release

A

oestrogens and progesterones

44
Q

what happens to corpus luteum if there is no implantation

A

becomes corpus albicans

45
Q

how is the corpus luteum maintained if implantation does occur

A

HCG secreted by placenta

46
Q

the corpus luteum secretes ____ which maintains pregnancy

A

progesterone

47
Q

how does an ovum move down the uterine tube

A

gentle peristalsis and currents created by ciliated epithelium

48
Q

what do secretory cells in the uterine tube epithelium do

A

secrete nutrients

49
Q

where does fertilisation usually occur

A

ampulla

50
Q

what lines the ampulla

A

simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells

51
Q

the mucosa of the ampulla is highly _____

A

folded

52
Q

the ampulla is surrounded by ____ ____

A

smooth muscle

53
Q

Both ciliogenesis and secretion in the ampulla are ____

A

cyclic

54
Q

describe the epithelium of the isthmus

A

much simpler architecture - mostly secretory epithelium and a few ciliated cells

55
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle are there in the ampulla

A

2

56
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle are there in the isthmus

A

3

57
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterus

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

58
Q

what is the endometrium

A

inner wall of secretory mucosa

59
Q

what are the 2 layers of the endometrium

A

stratum functionalis

stratum basalis

60
Q

what is the stratum functionalis

A

layer that undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss

61
Q

what is the endometrium made up of

A

tubular secretory glands embedded in connective tissue stroma

62
Q

what is the stratum basalis

A

reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis

63
Q

what is the myometrium

A

coat of 3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue

64
Q

what is the perimetrium

A

outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

65
Q

during the proliferative phase the stratum ______ proliferates

A

stratum basalis - glands, storma and vasculature grow which increases the thickness of the endometrium by reconstituting the SF

66
Q

describe the lining of the glands during the proliferative phase

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines glands which are relatively straight

67
Q

in the proliferative phase, stroma is proliferating due to _____

A

oestrogen

68
Q

when does the proliferative phase end

A

1 day after ovulation

69
Q

what do the glands look like during the secretory phase

A

coiled with a cork screw appearance

70
Q

what do the glands secrete during the secretory phase

A

glycogen

71
Q

what happens in the menstrual phase

A

arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction - depriving tissue of blood causing ischaemia with resultant tissue breakdown, leakage of blood and tissue sloughing

72
Q

what lines the cervix at the vaginal surface

A

stratified squamous epithelium

73
Q

what lines the inner cervix

A

mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

74
Q

what is the site called where the epithelium changes between ecto and endo cervix

A

transition zone

75
Q

the mucous secreting epithelium of canal is deeply furrowed forming _______ ____

A

endocervical glands

76
Q

what are the endocervical gland secretions like during the proliferative phase

A

thin and watery to allow passage of sperm

77
Q

what are the endocervical gland secretions like following ovulation

A

thick and viscous to prevent passage of microoragnisms or sperm

78
Q

what is a nabothian cyst

A

when outlet of an endocervical gland is blocked

79
Q

what are the 4 layers of the vagina

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
fibromuscular layer
adventitia

80
Q

during the reproductive years the non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium layer is ____ and cells are _____ due to _______ _____

A

thicker
enlarged
glycogen accumulation

81
Q

what is the lamina propria

A

connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin walled blood vessels

82
Q

what makes up the fibromuscular layer

A

inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle

83
Q

are there glands in the wall of the vagina

A

no

84
Q

how is the vagina lubricated

A

mucous from cervical glands and fluid from thin walled blood vessels of lamina propria

85
Q

how do commensal bacteria prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria

A

metabolise glycogen to lactic acid

86
Q

what is the mons pubis

A

skin overlying the pubic symphysis which contains highly oblique hair follicles and a substantial subcutaneous fat pad

87
Q

the labia majora are extensions of the _____ ___

A

mons pubis

88
Q

the labia majora are rich in what glands

A

apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

89
Q

do the labia majora have hair follicles

A

outer surface but not inner

90
Q

the labia minora lack

A

subcutaneous fat and hair follicles

91
Q

the labia minora are rich in

A

vasculature and sebaceous glands

92
Q

keratinised epithelium extends into the vagina to the level of what

A

the hymen

93
Q

the clitoris contains _ tubes of erectile tissue (vasculature) called the

A

corpora cavernosa

94
Q

the corpora cavernosa is covered by what

A

fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin rich in innervation and thin epidermis

YEAR 3 REPRO (11 decks)

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