Histology Flashcards
what is the role of neurones in the CNS
receive, integrate and transmit information via synapses
what is the structure of neurones
multipolar with many dendrites and 1 axon
what are the 4 major types of glial cells
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
what do astrocytes look like
star shaped
what is the function of astrocytes
support
maintaining blood-brain barrier
environmental homeostasis
what is the function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS
produced myelin
not in the PNS
what is a “node of Ranvier”
myelin sheath gaps
what is the function of microglia cells
immune monitoring
antigen presenting
(similar to macrophages)
what are ependymal cells
ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that line the ventricles
the brain has a ribboned appearance - what creates this
sulcus (the indents)
gyrus (the tops)
what is a folium
equivalent to a gyrus in the cerebellum
what matter lies on the outside in brains
grey matter
white matter is on the inside
what is the arrangement of matter in the spinal cord
white matter on the outside
grey matter on the inside
what is found within the white matter of the brain
axons and their support cells
what is found within the grey matter of the brain
huge number of neurones, cell processes, synapses
what is found before and after the CENTRAL SULCUS
before - precentral gyrus
after - post central gyrus
what are the 4 lobes of the brain
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
what is the ‘hidden’ 5 lobes of the brain
insular lobe (important role to play in experience of pain)
what are the 3 layers of meninges from superficial to deep
dura
arachnoid
pia
what arteries is the circle of willis made of
internal carotid
anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries
basilar artery
vertebral arteries
venous drainage of the brain
intercavernous sinuses cavernous sinuses (both then drain into the internal jugular vein)
what is white matter in the spine arranged as
posterior, lateral and anterior fasciculi
creating 4 columns
what is the grey matter in the spine arranged as
left and right, anterior and posterior horns
what is present between the spinal segments T1 to L2 and what does this contain
lateral horn
- which contains the preganglionic sympathetic neurones
where is the primary somatosensory cortex found
in the post central gyrus
what side of the cortex represents the left side of the body and why
right cortex
as sensory fibres cross at the midline
