Back/Spine/Spinal Cord Flashcards
what are the extrinsic back muscles
trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae major rhomboid minor rhomboid
what are the intrinsic back muscles
erector spinae
transversospinalis
what muscles control extension and flexion of the spine
extension = intrinsic back muscles flexion = psoas major and rectus abdominis
what are the sections of the adult vertebral column
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal
total 33
what are the curvatures of the vertebral column
- cervical secondary curvature
- thoracic primary curvature (kyphosis)
- lumbar secondary curvature (lordosis)
- sacral primary curvature
what is the role of the vertebral body
weight bearing
what is the vertebral arch consisted of
pedicle (x2)
lamina (x2)
what is the role of the spinous process
ligament and muscle attachments
what are the name of joints between two adjacent vertebrae
facet joints
where do spinal nerves emerge through and form between adjacent vertebrae
intervertebral foramen
what are the ligaments of the spine
ligamentum flavum posterior longitudinal ligament anterior longitudinal ligament supraspinous ligament interspinous ligament
what does the ligament flavum connect
adjacent laminae posterior to spinal cord
what does the posterior longitudinal ligaments connect
posterior aspects of all vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
what does the anterior longitudinal ligaments connect
anterior aspects of all vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
what does the supraspinaous ligament connect
spinous process
what does the interspinous ligament connect
superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous process
what is C1 and C2 called and what special features of them
C1 - Atlas; no body or spinous process
C2 - Axis; has an odontoid process
what is the first palpable spinous process
C7
what joint helps us to nod
Atlanto-occipital joint
what joints help us to shake our head
Atlanto-axial joint
what layers does a needle pass through for an epidural anaesthesia
- skin (at level between 3rd or 4th lumbar vertebra)
- subcutaneous fat
- supraspinous ligament
- interspinous ligament
- ligamentum flavum
- epidural space
- the dura
- arachnoid mater
- subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)
