Brain Flashcards
what are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum
anterior lobe (smaller) posterior lobe (majority) flucculonodular (tiny)
where does the cerebellum sit
in the posterior cranial fossa
how is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem
3 stalks called peduncles
superior, middle, inferior
what are the 3 layers of the cerebellum
molecular layer (outer) purkinje layer (middle) granular layer (inner)
where is the only output in the cerebellum
via the axons of the purkinje cells
what is the functions of the basal ganglia
to facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movements
posture and muscle tone
what are the 5 aspects of the basal ganglia
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus subthalamic nucleus substantia nigra
what makes up the lenticular nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
what makes up the corpus striatum
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
what makes up the striatum
caudate nucleus
putamen
what is the substantia nigra important clinical
degeneration of dopaminergic neurones here leads to Parkinson’s Disease
what side of the body would a unilateral lesion in the basal ganglia affect
contralateral
what are the motor signs of a lesion in the basal ganglia
changes in muscle tone
dyskinesias (tremor, chorea, myoclonus)
what is Huntington’s Disease
- autosomal dominant disorder
- progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex
what is the signs of Huntington’s Disease
chorea
progressive dementia
what is aphasia
inability to use language
what would damage to Broca’s area cause
- difficulty speaking/producing language
- often use few words, only saying most important words
- DO NOT struggle understanding speech
where is Broca’s area found
frontal lobe
what would damage to Wernicke’s area cause
- difficulty understanding speech
- will say meaningless words
where is Wernicke’s area found
temporal lobe
what is heminopia
blindness for half the field of vision
what is homonymous heminopia
when vision is lost in the same visual fields in both eyes
where is the somatosensory cortex (SI) located
post central gyrus of the parietal cortex
what is the somatosensory cortex posterior to
central sulcus
what is the homunculus used for
reveals the relative volume of cortex devoted to each body part
what happens if a finger (e.g. D3) is amputated, what happens to the area of SI representing the finger
Area formerly representing D3, after several months, now responds to stimulation of the adjacent digits
(D2 and D4 – their cortical representation expands into the territory formerly representing D3)
