Histology

Question 1

What does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 1

The alimentary canal and associated digestive organs

Question 2

What are the layers of the digestive system wall?

Answer 2

(From lumen outward)

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) serosa or adventitia

Question 3

WHat are the 3 layers of mucosa in the digestive wall?

Answer 3

Lining epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

Question 4

What layer of the mucosa is made of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 4

Lining epithelium

Question 5

which type of tissue is the lamina propria made of?

Answer 5

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Question 6

what type of muscle is the muscular is mucosae made of?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle tissue

Question 7

What plexus is found in the submucosa?

Answer 7

Meissner’s plexus

Question 8

What nerve plexus is found in the muscularis externa?

Answer 8

Myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach’s plexus)

Question 9

What is the serosa made of?

Answer 9

Mesothelium and loose connective tissue

Question 10

What is the adventitia made of?

Answer 10

loose (areolar) connective tissue

Question 11

What are the two mucous glands found in the esophagus?

Answer 11

Esophageal glands (proper) - Submucosa
Esophageal cardiac glands - Lamina propria

Question 12

Name the 4 subdivisions of the stomach

Answer 12

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus

Question 13

which subdivision of the stomach attaches to the lower esophageal sphincter?

Answer 13

Cardia

Question 14

which subdivision of the stomach contain glands that secrete HCl and Pepsin?

Answer 14

Fundus/body

Question 15

what type of epithelium comprises the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 15

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 16

WHat are the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa

Answer 16

1) outer longitudinal
2) middle circular
3) inner oblique

Question 17

which layer of the stomach lies deepest to the mucosa?

Answer 17

Serosa

Question 18

name the 3 parts of fundic glands

Answer 18

Isthmus, neck, base

Question 19

what type of granules are found within chief cells?

Answer 19

Zymogen granules

Question 20

What do chief cells produce?

Answer 20

Pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 21

name the 3 parts of the small intestine in order

Answer 21

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

Question 22

What is the name for the “circular folds” found in the small intestine?

Answer 22

Plicae Circulares

Question 23

What do intestinal glands (crypts of leiberkuhn) contain?

Answer 23

Tubular glands, paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, stem cells

Question 24

Where are Brunner’s glands found? what do they produce?

Answer 24

In the Duodenum submucosa. produce alkaline mucous

Question 25

What are the layers of the muscularis externa in the small intestine?

Answer 25

Outer longitudinal and Inner circular

Question 26

Where are lymphatic nodules found in the ileum?

Answer 26

lamina propria and submucosa

Question 27

What are M (microfold) cells?

Answer 27

specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer's patches

Question 28

What is the name for the aggregated lymphatic follicles in the ileum?

Answer 28

Peyer's patches

Question 29

What structures are missing from the large intestine that are found in the small intestine?

Answer 29

No Plicae circularis or villi

Question 30

what are the layers of the muscularis externa of the large intestine?

Answer 30

Two layers, with the Teniae Coli (outer longitudinal)

Question 31

where is the vermiform appendix located?

Answer 31

exiting to the cecum, inferior to the ileum

Question 32

Name the 3 parts of the pancreas

Answer 32

Head body tail

Question 33

which glands are responsible for the exocrine activity of the pancreas?

Answer 33

compound acinar glands

Question 34

which glands act as endocrine glands for the pancreas?

Answer 34

Islets of Langerhans

Question 35

What is another name for Islets of Langerhans?

Answer 35

Pancreatic islets

Question 36

what is the largest internal organ of the body?

Answer 36

the liver

Question 37

what percentage of blood is oxygenated when it is delivered to the liver?

Answer 37

25%

Question 38

what is the predominant type of blood entering the liver

Answer 38

oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood

Question 39

what cell type absorbs any toxins found in the blood?

Answer 39

hepatocytes

Question 40

from what vein does oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood enter the liver?

Answer 40

Portal vein

Question 41

what is the structural/functional unit of the liver?

Answer 41

Hepatic lobules

Question 42

what is the hepatic lobule composed of?

Answer 42

stacks of plates of hepatocytes | separated by anastomosing sinusoids

Question 43

What cell projects microvilli into the perisinusiodal space?

Answer 43

hepatocytes

Question 44

what are the largest cells lining the sinusoids? what is their function?

Answer 44

Kupffer cells - phagocytotic function. breakdown any damaged/old red blood cells

Question 45

what structures allow bile to move between hepatocyte plates?

Answer 45

bile caniliculi

Question 46

what is the main function of the Gallbladder?

Answer 46

CONCENTRATION of bile. does not produce it

Question 47

what histological trademark is seen on slides of the gallbladder?

Answer 47

a very large Muscularis externa layer

Question 48

what do parietal cells produce?

Answer 48

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 49

which cells produce gastrin?

Answer 49

G cells

Question 50

what structure opens to permit the passage of chyme into the duodenum?

Answer 50

Pyloric sphincter

Question 51

what is the name of the small pouches found along the large intestine?

Answer 51

Haustra

Question 52

what are the Omental appendages?

Answer 52

small sacks of adipose found along the external surface of the large intestine