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gross anatomy- semester 2 test 2 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the digestive system consist of?

A

The alimentary canal and associated digestive organs

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2
Q

What are the layers of the digestive system wall?

A

(From lumen outward)

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) serosa or adventitia

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3
Q

WHat are the 3 layers of mucosa in the digestive wall?

A

Lining epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

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4
Q

What layer of the mucosa is made of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Lining epithelium

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5
Q

which type of tissue is the lamina propria made of?

A

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

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6
Q

what type of muscle is the muscular is mucosae made of?

A

Smooth muscle tissue

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7
Q

What plexus is found in the submucosa?

A

Meissner’s plexus

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8
Q

What nerve plexus is found in the muscularis externa?

A

Myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach’s plexus)

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9
Q

What is the serosa made of?

A

Mesothelium and loose connective tissue

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10
Q

What is the adventitia made of?

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the two mucous glands found in the esophagus?

A 
Esophageal glands (proper) - Submucosa
Esophageal cardiac glands - Lamina propria
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12
Q

Name the 4 subdivisions of the stomach

A

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus

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13
Q

which subdivision of the stomach attaches to the lower esophageal sphincter?

A

Cardia

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14
Q

which subdivision of the stomach contain glands that secrete HCl and Pepsin?

A

Fundus/body

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15
Q

what type of epithelium comprises the mucosa of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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16
Q

WHat are the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa

A

1) outer longitudinal
2) middle circular
3) inner oblique

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17
Q

which layer of the stomach lies deepest to the mucosa?

A

Serosa

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18
Q

name the 3 parts of fundic glands

A

Isthmus, neck, base

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19
Q

what type of granules are found within chief cells?

A

Zymogen granules

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20
Q

What do chief cells produce?

A

Pepsinogen and gastric lipase

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21
Q

name the 3 parts of the small intestine in order

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

22
Q

What is the name for the “circular folds” found in the small intestine?

A

Plicae Circulares

23
Q

What do intestinal glands (crypts of leiberkuhn) contain?

A

Tubular glands, paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, stem cells

24
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands found? what do they produce?

A

In the Duodenum submucosa. produce alkaline mucous

25
Q

What are the layers of the muscularis externa in the small intestine?

A

Outer longitudinal and Inner circular

26
Q

Where are lymphatic nodules found in the ileum?

A

lamina propria and submucosa

27
Q

What are M (microfold) cells?

A

specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches

28
Q

What is the name for the aggregated lymphatic follicles in the ileum?

A

Peyer’s patches

29
Q

What structures are missing from the large intestine that are found in the small intestine?

A

No Plicae circularis or villi

30
Q

what are the layers of the muscularis externa of the large intestine?

A

Two layers, with the Teniae Coli (outer longitudinal)

31
Q

where is the vermiform appendix located?

A

exiting to the cecum, inferior to the ileum

32
Q

Name the 3 parts of the pancreas

A

Head
body
tail

33
Q

which glands are responsible for the exocrine activity of the pancreas?

A

compound acinar glands

34
Q

which glands act as endocrine glands for the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

35
Q

What is another name for Islets of Langerhans?

A

Pancreatic islets

36
Q

what is the largest internal organ of the body?

A

the liver

37
Q

what percentage of blood is oxygenated when it is delivered to the liver?

A

25%

38
Q

what is the predominant type of blood entering the liver

A

oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood

39
Q

what cell type absorbs any toxins found in the blood?

A

hepatocytes

40
Q

from what vein does oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood enter the liver?

A

Portal vein

41
Q

what is the structural/functional unit of the liver?

A

Hepatic lobules

42
Q

what is the hepatic lobule composed of?

A

stacks of plates of hepatocytes

separated by anastomosing sinusoids

43
Q

What cell projects microvilli into the perisinusiodal space?

A

hepatocytes

44
Q

what are the largest cells lining the sinusoids? what is their function?

A

Kupffer cells - phagocytotic function. breakdown any damaged/old red blood cells

45
Q

what structures allow bile to move between hepatocyte plates?

A

bile caniliculi

46
Q

what is the main function of the Gallbladder?

A

CONCENTRATION of bile. does not produce it

47
Q

what histological trademark is seen on slides of the gallbladder?

A

a very large Muscularis externa layer

48
Q

what do parietal cells produce?

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

49
Q

which cells produce gastrin?

A

G cells

50
Q

what structure opens to permit the passage of chyme into the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

51
Q

what is the name of the small pouches found along the large intestine?

A

Haustra

52
Q

what are the Omental appendages?

A

small sacks of adipose found along the external surface of the large intestine

gross anatomy- semester 2 test 2 (3 decks)

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