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gross anatomy- semester 2 test 2 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what gives rise to the epithelial lining and glands of the GI tract?

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

what type of folding gives us the GI tract?

A

Cranio-caudal folding

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3
Q

name the 3 gut regions

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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4
Q

what does the ssplanchnic mesoderm become?

A

Smooth muscle and connective tissue of the GI tract

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5
Q

what forms the peritoneum?

A

Parietal - somatic mesoderm

Visceral - Splanchnic mesoderm

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6
Q

what forms the mesenteries?

A

Dorsal and Ventral are BOTH from splanchnic mesoderm

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7
Q

what is the function/structure of mesenteries

A

double layer of peritoneum that suspends an organ from the body wall

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8
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

The serous membrane lining of the abdominal cavity (parietal) and organs (visceral)

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9
Q

what type of folding creates the mesenteries?

A

Lateral folding

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10
Q

What gives rise to the lesser omentum?

A

Ventral mesogastrium

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11
Q

what gives rise to the falciform ligament?

A

ventral mesogastrium

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12
Q

THe ventral mesogastrium gives us what?

A

Lesser omentum and falciform ligament

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13
Q

the greater omentum is created by what?

A

dorsal mesogastrium

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14
Q

the mesentery proper gives us what structure?

A

small intestine

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15
Q

what forms the enteric nervous system of the GI tract?

A

neural crest cells

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16
Q

what artery supplies the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal arch arteries

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17
Q

the foregut is supplied by what?

A

celiac trunk

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18
Q

THe midgut is supplied by which artery

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

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19
Q

the hindgut is supplied by what?

A

inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

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20
Q

name the foregut derivatives

A

1) larynx
2) lower respiratory system
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) proximal half of duodenum
6) associated organs (liver, gall bladder, pancreas)

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21
Q

when does the respiratory diverticulum appear?

A

week 4

22
Q

where does the tracheoesophageal septum grow in from?

A

the lateral sides of the foregut. divide it into lower resp tract and esophagus

23
Q

what is Stenosis?

A

abnormal narrowing of a lumen/orafice

24
Q

define atresia

A

a body lumen or orifice is abnormally closed or absent

25
Q

what is a fistula?

A

abnormal passageway between two organs/vessels

26
Q

what causes the formation of the greater curvature in the stomach?

A

the dorsal side of the stomach expands faster, starting at week 4

27
Q

which vagus nerve supplies the dorsal stomach? the ventral?

A

Dorsal - right

Ventral - Left

28
Q

what is the Omental bursa?

A

The lesser sac of the peritoneum

29
Q

what causes the enlargement of the Omental bursa?

A

the rotation of the stomach carries the Dorsal Mesogastrium to the left

30
Q

where is the Omental Bursa located?

A

posterior to the stomach, with superior and inferior recesses

31
Q

what forms the greater omentum?

A

the dorsal mesogastrium flapping over the small intestines

32
Q

what artery supplies the duodenum

A

the celiac trunk - first half

SMA - second half

33
Q

where does the hepatic diverticulum emerge?

A

ventrally from endoderm of distal foregut- gives liver, gall bladder and bile duct

34
Q

the ventral and distal buds of the endodermal foregut form what?

A

Pancreas

35
Q

what does the ventral bud of the pancreas become?

A

uncinate process + inferior portion of head

36
Q

what makes up the main pancreatic duct?

A

distal portion of dorsal bud duct

ventral bud duct

37
Q

the accessory pancreatic duct emerges from what?

A

proximal dorsal bud duct

38
Q

what are the midgut derivatives?

A 
distal half of duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum & appendix
ascending colon
proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
39
Q

the Vitelline duct does what?

A

connects midgut to yolk sac

40
Q

what is congenital Omphalocele?

A

persisting umbilical herniation. Vicera covered by amnion & WITHIN proximal umbilical cord

41
Q

Gastrochisis

A

hernia through body wall and does not involve umbilical cord. Exposure to external amniotic fluid can damage viscera

42
Q

when does the midgut make its first 90 degree rotation?

A

week 6

43
Q

what is the 2nd midgut rotation? when does it occur?

A

180 degree counter-clockwise rotation that brings intestines to their normal position. during week TEN

44
Q

are the ascending and descending colon within the peritoneum?

A

NO. they become secondarily retroperitoneal

45
Q

which structures are intraperitoneal?

A

A) proximal duodenum
B) Jejunum, Ileum
C) transverse colon
D) sigmoid colon

46
Q

what structures are retroperitoneal?

A 
A) distal duodenum
B) pancreas
C) ascending colon
D) descending colon
E) kidneys
47
Q

Volvulus

A

abnormal rotation causes intestinal loop twist around mesenteric attachment. leads to bowel obstruction

48
Q

recanalization of midgut loop

A

when Intestines are temp occluded at week 6 because of endodermal growth

49
Q

what is Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum?

A

a remnant of the Vitelline duct. persists as finger-like out pouching of the ileum. may cause ulcers and bleeding

50
Q

what does the hindgut form?

A 
distal 1/3 of transverse colon
decending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
superior part of anal canal
51
Q

what does the Urorectal septum do?

A

divides cloaca into urogenital sinus and the anorectal canal

52
Q

what is Hirschsprung’s disease? (ananglionic megacolon

A

ananglionic portion of bowel constricts and decends. Leads to severe constipation

gross anatomy- semester 2 test 2 (3 decks)

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