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gross anatomy- semester 2 test 2 > Diaphragm and post abd wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm and post abd wall Flashcards

1
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

The diaphragm

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2
Q

what nerve supplies the right and left hemidiaphragms?

A

Phrenic nerves

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3
Q

what supplies the lateral borders of the diaphragm, as well as receiving sensory info?

A

Intercostal nerves

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4
Q

which spinal nerves give off the phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, C5 (C3, 4, and 5 keep me breathing and alive)

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5
Q

what nerve carries sensory fibers that innervate the central portion of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

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6
Q

where does the diaphragm remain if it descends?

A

remains high in thorax

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7
Q

when can we detect hemiparalysis?

A

during inhalation only

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8
Q

at what spinal level do we find the vena cava foramen?

A

T8

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9
Q

at what spinal level do we find the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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10
Q

what is found at the diaphragm level of T12?

A

aortic hiatus

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11
Q

which vessels supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Pericadriacophrenic and superior phrenic arteries (supply via internal thoracic artery and thoracic aorta

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12
Q

Which vessel(s) supply the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Inferior phrenic arteries (via abdominal aorta)

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13
Q

what artery/arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm?

A

musculophrenic arteries (via internal thoracic artery)

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14
Q

at what vertebral column level are the kidneys found?

A

lateral to vertebra T12-L3

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15
Q

where is the superior pole of the left kidney?

A

11th rib

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16
Q

where is the superior pole of the right kidney?

A

12th rib

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17
Q

what encapsulates the kidneys?

A

perirenal fat and renal fascia

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18
Q

where are horseshoe kidneys found?

A

below the IMA

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19
Q

where are transplanted kidneys found?

A

lower abdomen

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20
Q

on what part of the kidneys are the adrenal and suprarenal glands found?

A

superior pole

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21
Q

are the kidneys within the peritoneum?

A

NO–> they are retroperitoneal

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22
Q

of the 3 structures exiting the kidney, which is most anterior?

A

Renal vein

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23
Q

of the 3 structures exiting the kidney, which is most posterior?

A

renal artery

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24
Q

of the 3 structures exiting the kidney, which is the deepest?

A

renal pelvis- becomes the ureter

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25
Q

what is the fibrous capsule?

A

outermost layer of the kidneys

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26
Q

what is found in the outer 1/3 of the kidney?

A

renal cortex

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27
Q

what structure contains the renal pyramids?

A

the renal medulla

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28
Q

what structure comprises the inner 2/3 of the kidney?

A

renal medulla

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29
Q

what structure receives the tips of the pyramids?

A

renal papillae

30
Q

what do 2-3 minor calyces form?

A

major calyces

31
Q

the major calyces converge to form what

A

renal pelvis

32
Q

which renal artery is longer?

A

right renal artery

33
Q

which renal artery passes posterior to the internal vena cava?

A

the right renal artery

34
Q

where does each renal artery divide into 5 segmental arteries?

A

the Hilum

35
Q

do the segmental arteries of the renal artery use collateral circulation?

A

NO –> they are end arteries

36
Q

where do the renal veins empty into?

A

the inferior vena cava

37
Q

where are the renal veins found?

A

ANTERIOR to renal arteries

38
Q

which renal vein is longer?

A

left

39
Q

which renal vein passes anteriorly over the aorta?

A

the left renal vein

40
Q

why is the right renal artery longer?

A

it must pass posterior to the IVC

41
Q

why is the right renal vein shorter?

A

its found closer to the IVC

42
Q

what muscle do the ureters pass over to enter the bladder?

A

the Psoas major

43
Q

in what direction do the ureters run in relation to the gonadal vessels?

A

obliquely and posteriorly

44
Q

what condition increases the risk for kidney stones?

A

compression of the ureters –> causes a decrease in flow

45
Q

from what 3 sources do the ureter arteries arise?

A

1) renal artery- main source
2) testicular/ovarian artery
3) abdominal aorta

46
Q

where do the veins of ureters drain into?

A

similarly named veins

47
Q

what branch of the renal arteries supplies the ureters?

A

the ureteric branch

48
Q

what is lithotripsy? and what does it do?

A

ultrasonic crushing of large kidney stones. allows them to pass thru the ureter to the bladder

49
Q

where does the pain start when kidney stones are being passed?

A

from side and back between ribs- goes to pelvis and inguinal region

50
Q

what region of cutaneous innervation is associated with kidney stone pain?

A

T11-12

51
Q

which adrenal gland is roughly triangular?

A

the right gland

52
Q

where does the right adrenal gland lie?

A

superior to right kidney, POSTERIOR to inferior vena cava

53
Q

what shape does the left adrenal gland take?

A

semilunar

54
Q

where does the left adrenal gland lie?

A

superomedial to left kidney near the Hilum

55
Q

what are the 3 main parts of the adrenal glands?

A

1) fibrous capsule
2) adrenal cortex
3) adrenal medulla- acts as SYMPATHETIC ganglion

56
Q

which 3 arteries deliver blood to the adrenal glands?

A

1) suprarenal arteries (6-8 branches) from inf phrenic artery
2) middle suprarenal (from abdominal artery)
3) inferior suprarenal (from renal artery)

57
Q

name the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

1) transverse abdominus
2) quadratus lumborum
3) psoas major
4) iliacus
5) psoas minor
6) diaphragm

58
Q

what arteries supply the posterior wall? how many branches do they have?

A

Lumbar arteries. come off of the abdominal aorta, give 4 pairs of arteries

59
Q

what do the nerves of the ventral rami of T12-L4 become? where are they located?

A

Form the lumbar plexus. Found beneath fascia of posterior abdominal muscles

60
Q

where is the Subcostal nerve (T12) found? what does it supply?

A

1cm below the 12th rib. Supplies sensory to ant/lat abdominal wall. Supplies motor to ext oblique, int oblique, Transverse abdominus, pyramidalis, RA, Quad Lumborum

61
Q

where are the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves found? where do they run?

A

can arise from common trunk (L1). descend anterior to quadrates lumborum

62
Q

What does the iliohypogastric nerve supply?

A

skin of the suprapubic region

63
Q

what does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A

runs thru the inguinal canal to supply it

64
Q

what does the iliohypogastric run through?

A

between the transverse abdomens and internal oblique

65
Q

describe the path of the genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)

A

1) pierces psoas major
2) descends along anterior surface
3) Splits into femoral (lateral) and genital (medial) branches
4) supplies cremaster muscle of spermatic cord

66
Q

where does the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve run?

A

1) descends anterior to iliacus muscle
2) passes deep to inguinal ring
3) inferior to ASIS

67
Q

what does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply?

A

anterior and lateral skin of the thigh

68
Q

what path does the femoral nerve (L2-L4) take?

A

1) runs between iliacus and psoas major muscles
2) passes deep to inguinal ligament
3) runs inferior to ASIS

69
Q

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

sensory and motor to anterior thigh

70
Q

describe the path of the Obturator nerve

A

1) runs medial to psoas major
2) passes thru obturator foramen

supplies sensory & motor to MEDIAL thigh

71
Q

what muscles are exclusively innervated by the lumbosacral trunk?

A

none- only contributes to various muscles

72
Q

what does the lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5) cross over? what does it help form?

A

crosses over ala of sacrum. helps form sacral plexus

gross anatomy- semester 2 test 2 (3 decks)

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