Histology

Question 1

The vagina is made up of what kind of epithelium?

Answer 1

stratified squamous epithelium
non-keratinized

Question 2

the cervix is made up of what kind of epithelium?

Answer 2

columnar epithelium

Question 3

what part of the cervix is the most susceptible to malignancy?

Answer 3

transitional zone

Question 4

the uterine portion of the cervix contains what type of epithelium?

Answer 4

tall columnar mucus-secreting epithelium

Question 5

Describe the histologic features of the endocervical mucosa.

Answer 5

simple columnar epithelium on a thick lamina propria
contains the plica palmata (folded mucosa)

Question 6

the muscular layer of the vagina is continuous w/ what uterine structure

Answer 6

the myometrium

Question 7

the perimetrium consists of what?

Answer 7

serosa adventitia made up of loose connective tissue

Question 8

the uterine wall is of what type of epithelium?

Answer 8

columnar epithelium

Question 9

blood vessels can be found within which layer of the uterine wall

Answer 9

basalis layer

Question 10

what happens to the uterine wall during the secretory stage

Answer 10

functionalis and basalis layers thicken

glands enlarge and become tortuous

secretory products increase

fibroblasts of the stroma accumulate glycogen and fat

Question 11

what distinct histologic characteristic can be observed when the endometrium is in its secretory stage

Answer 11

glands take on a “saw tooth” appearance

Question 12

what happens to the basalis layer of the endometrium during the menstrual phase

Answer 12

remains mostly unaffected

Question 13

what happens to the functionalis layer of the endometrium during the menstrual phase

Answer 13

becomes desquamated

Question 14

the fallopian tubes are divided into these 4 sections.

Answer 14

infundibulum
ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural portion

Question 15

list the contents of the infundibulum of the fallopian tubes.

Answer 15

fimbriae
branching finger-like projections of connective tissue
lined by ciliated epithelial cells

Question 16

what is the primary function of the fimbriae?

Answer 16

conduct spermatozoa upward and ova downward towards the endometrial cavity

Question 17

in what region of the fallopian tubes does fertilization occur?

Answer 17

ampulla

Question 18

list the contents of the ampulla region of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 18

interwoven circular & longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

folded mucosa

simple columnar epithelium on lamina propria

ciliated cells interspersed w/ secretory Peg cells

Question 19

List the contents of the serosa layer of the isthmus region of the fallopian tube

Answer 19

Serosa-visceral peritoneum w/ mesothelium covered by squamous epithelium & loose connective tissue

Question 20

Describe the histological features of the isthmus mucosal layer of the fallopian tubes

Answer 20

contains tall fold and simple columnar ciliated cells

Question 21

compared to the other regions of the fallopian tubes, what is different about the intramural part?

Answer 21

number of ciliated cells decreases

lumen narrows

proportion of SM increases

Question 22

what type of epithelium makes up the ovaries?

Answer 22

simple cuboidal

Question 23

what region of the ovaries contain oocytes

Answer 23

cortex

Question 24

the medulla of the ovary consists of what?

Answer 24

LCT and blood vessels

Question 25

what is the overlying layer of dense CT that covers the ovaries called?

Answer 25

tunica albuginea

Question 26

the primordial follicle forms during which phase of life?

Answer 26

fetal development

Question 27

what changes in the primordial follicle occur with onset of puberty

Answer 27

oocytes increase in size (NOT number) formation of zona pellucida now called a primary follicle

Question 28

stomal cells of the secondary follicles will differentiate into what?

Answer 28

inner and outer theca

Question 29

what is the purpose of the theca?

Answer 29

secretes steroids and provides nutrients for the developing follicle

Question 30

what are atertic follicles

Answer 30

degenerative non-maturing follicles

Question 31

what is the Tertiary follicle also called?

Answer 31

Graafian

Question 32

T or F: follicular cells become cuboidal in shape as they mature.

Answer 32

true

Question 33

during the early stages of primary follicles, simple cuboidal epithelium surrounds the growing oocyte. what happens in the later stages?

Answer 33

follicular cells undergo mitosis to become stratum granulosa and zona pellucida

Question 34

within what layer of the follicle does the antrum develope

Answer 34

withing the granulosa layer

Question 35

The Theca Interna consists of what type of cells

Answer 35

steroid-secreting cuboidal cells

Question 36

the theca externa consists of what type of cells?

Answer 36

covering fibroblasts

Question 37

secondary follicles transform into what type of epithelium

Answer 37

stratified follicular epithelium produced by granulosa cells

Question 38

T or F: the zona pellucida express large numbers of FSH receptors

Answer 38

false they contain LH receptors only not sensitive to FSH

Question 39

what layer surrounds the ZP?

Answer 39

corona radiate

Question 40

what is the mound of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte that remain w/ it until ovulation?

Answer 40

cumulus oophorus

Question 41

what happens to the theca interna once it loses the oocyte

Answer 41

differentiates into theca lutein cells to become the corpus hemorrhagicum (CH)

Question 42

the CH is transformed into what?

Answer 42

the corpus luteum

Question 43

T or F: Theca lutein cells respond to FSH to simulate aromatase activity

Answer 43

FALSE theca lutein cells respond to LH granulosa lutein cells respond to fSH

Question 44

what doe the theca and granulosa cells produce postovulation?

Answer 44

granulosa cells: produce progesterone & estrogen theca cells: produce testosterone

Question 45

what does the corpus albicans mostly consists of?

Answer 45

collagen and fibroblasts

Question 46

describe the process of follicular atresia.

Answer 46

degeneration of oocyte and autolysis of granulosa cells clumping of nuclear chromatin to form pyknotic nuclei shrinkage and lysis of follicular cells thickening of BM and separation of GC from TI to forma a "glassy membrane"

Question 47

Histologically, what are mammary glands?

Answer 47

highly modified sweat glands

Question 48

the alveolar glands contain what?

Answer 48

lactiferous ducts

Question 49

T or F: the mammary glands are abundant w/ adipose tissue when not lactating

Answer 49

true

Question 50

what kind of connective tissues is seen in the mammary glands?

Answer 50

dense irregular interlobular CT

Question 51

what histologic changes of the breast will occur during pregnancy

Answer 51

mammary glands become activated: proliferation of ducts and secretory unites decreased CT glandular alveoli along w/ excretory ducts