Histology Flashcards
Which are the 2 apical specialisations possible in simple columnar epithelia?
Cilia and microvilli
Goblet cells are an example of which kind of epithelia?
Simple columnar
Parakeratotic stratified squamous epithelia is found in which kinds of animals only?
Ruminants
Which type of epithelia is best for resisting mechanical damage?
Stratified squamous
Which type of epithelia is able to stretch?
Transitional
What are the two types of secretion for exocrine glands?
Tubular units, mucous cells
Alveolar units, serous cells
Which type of gland has brown nuclei and serous demilunes?
Alveolar serous
Which are the thyroid hormones?
T3 and T4
Where is TGB made?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Why do some skeletal muscle fibres have many nuclei?
Cells aggregate together to form one larger cell
Which animals have nucleated red blood cells?
Birds, fish, reptiles
What is the definition of mesenchyme?
Loose connective tissue
Ordinary connective tissue provides which 3 types of support?
Metabolic
Defence
Mechanical
What stain is required to view reticular fibres?
Silver
What does GAG stand for?
Glycosaminoglycans
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
What are the two cell types in cartilage and what do they do?
Chondroblasts secrete matrix
Chondrocytes are embedded in the matrix
What is a fibroblast?
A type of cell that synthesizes extracellular matrix and collagen, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Most common cell of connective tissue
What are the 3 functions of the basement membrane?
- Cell adhesion
- Diffusion barrier
- Regulation of cell growth
Where are osteocytes found in bones?
Within lacunae
What is the function of osteoblasts?
Secrete bone matrix (osteoid)
What is the function of osteocytes?
Maintain the bone tissue
What is the function of osteoclasts?
Type of macrophage. Destroy bone matrix by secreting acids to dissolve calcium deposits.
What are the two types of ossification?
Endochondral- long bones
Intramembranous- flat bones
What name is given to the response produced by each of T cells and B cells?
T cells= cell-mediated response (physical contact with antigens)
B cells= humoral response (mediated by antibodies)
Where do B cells and T cells mature?
B cells: bone marrow
T cells: thymus
What are the 3 types of compound gland?
Tubular
Alveolar
Mixed
Out of endo and exocrine glands, which have ducts?
Exocrine glands have duct systems going directly to the desired site
Endocrine glands are ductless, and secrete their products into the blood to be carried to target organs
Where are osteoblasts found in the bone?
Periosteum (fibrous layer surrounding the outside of the bone) and endosteum (cellular layer lining the bone cavity)
Does periosteum cover the entire outer surface of the bone?
Yes except for articular surfaces
What does periosteum contain?
Blood vessels and nerves
How do blood vessels and nerves enter the medullary cavity in bones?
Through the nutrient foramen
