Hindlimb Flashcards
What will happen if each of the following nerves are damaged?
Sciatic, gluteal, femoral, obturator
Sciatic: limb can't retract
Hip can't extend
Gluteal: limb can't abduct
Obturator: limb can't adduct
Femoral: limb can't be flexed or protractedWhich muscles make up the femoral triangle?
Pectineus and Adductor (caudal)
Sartorius (cranial)
What is the function of menisci?
Cartilage tissue which stabilises the joint, acts as a shock absorber, cushioning
Where is the origin and insertion of the gluteal muscles?
O= sacrum and pelvis I= greater trochanter of femur
In the horse, which digit is the weight bearing digit?
3rd
Name the palpable features of the equine pelvis
Tuber coxae Tuber ischium (deep palpation required) Greater trochanter of femur
How many fused sacral vertebrae make up the sacrum in the horse and dog?
Horse=5
Dog=3
What kind of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
Partly cartilaginous, partly synovial, therefore a small joint capsule is present. Capable of very little movement
Where does the sacrotuberous/broad ligament run?
From dorsal sacrum and C1 to ischiatic tuberosity
Which muscles originate from the sacrotuberous/broad ligament?
Biceps femoris
Superficial gluteal
Piriformis
Tenuissimus
What is the accessory ligament of the hip joint?
Continuation of the prepubic tendon
Runs from pecten (groove in ventral pelvis), underneath transverse ligament
Under tension due to weight of abdominal contents
What is the function of the gluteal muscles in the horse hindlimb?
Limb retractor/hip extensor
No abduction possible in horse hindlimb
In the trochlear groove of the femur, what are the 2 parts of the articular surfaces used for?
Vertical=gliding
Horizontal=resting
Which sesamoids does a horse have in its distal hindlimb?
Patella
No fabellae or popliteal sesamoid
What is bone spavin?
Osteoarthritis of hock joint or end phase of degenerative joint disease
Central and third tarsal bones most commonly affected
Lameness
Joints may fuse
Where does the long collateral ligament of the tarsus run?
Where do the short collateral ligaments run?
From the tibia to the metatarsal bone
Bridge bone to bone
Which muscle can be used to identify the lateral aspect of the distal joints (horse)?
Peroneus tertius
Which tendon can be used to identify the medial aspect of the distal joints (horse)?
Cunean tendon
Why is the trochlea angled on the talus (in the horse)?
During flexion, the pes rotates lateral to the forelimbs, preventing ‘over-reach’ injuries
During extension, the pes moves into midline. This concentrates the forces from the stifle and hock extensor muscles (good for jumping)
In the equine hindlimb, what nerves does the tibial nerve give off?
Plantar nerves (become plantar digital) Plantar metatarsal nerves
Name the 3 nerve blocks in the equine hindlimb
Plantar digital
Abaxial sesamoid
Plantar metatarsal (6 point block c.f. 4 point in FL)
