Histology Flashcards
The oral cavity is composed by the mouth cavity and the ____________, it is lined by ___________________ epithelium.
Oral cavity:
1) Mouth cavity
2) Vestibule
Lined by stratified squamous epithelium
The lips are composed of an
Outer surface:
skin, hair folicle, sebaceous glands, orbicularis oris (skeletal/smooth muscle)
Inner surface:
______ membrane
Stratified squamous (non-)keratinising epithelium
Labial glands
Sensory nerves
Orbicularis oris (Skeletal)
Inner surface:
mucous membrane
Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium
The tongue is covered by a ______ membrane and has (rough/smooth) upper surface and (rough/smooth) under surface.
Mucous membrane
Rough upper, smooth lower
What are the 4 types of papillae found on the tongue?
1) Filiform
2) Fungiform
3) Circumvallate
4) Foliate
What is the difference between fungiform and filiform papillae?
Filiform > numerous and smaller
but no taste buds (fungiform have)
The tongue has striated muscle in ___ planes?
3 planes
Taste buds are ______-shaped, extend through the full thickness of the epithelium and have (outer/inner) taste pores.
Barrel-shaped
Outer taste pores
What are 3 cell types in taste buds?
1) Supporting
2) Gustatory/neuroepithelial
3) Basal
What are 3 types of salivary glands?
1) Parotid gland
2) Submandibular gland
3) Sublingual gland
What are the secretory units of salivary glands?
Acini (serous, mucous or mixed)
The parotid gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.
Parotid:
- consists of mucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.
The submandibular gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.
Submandibular:
- consists of mixed seromucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.
The sublingual gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.
Sublingual
- consists of mixed seromucous but mostly mucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.
Serous acini are (Darkly/Lightly) stained while Mucous acini are (darkly/lightly) stained.
Serous: Dark
Mucous: Light
Saliva from acini are secreted through _______ ducts.
Striated/Intercalated ducts
Layers of the oesophagus (lumen to externa):
Mucosa:
Submucosa:
Muscularis externa:
Adventitia:
Mucosa:
1) Stratified squamous epithelium
2) Lamina propria
3) Muscularis mucosae
Submucosa:
1) Glands
2) Meissner’s plexus
3) Blood vessels
Muscularis Externa:
Inner circular, outer longitudinal
- Upper 1/3: striated
- Middle 1/3: Striated + Smooth
- Lower 1/3: Smooth
Adventitia: Loose connective tissues
What type of epithelium is found in the oesophagus?
Stratified squamous
What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Layers of the stomach (lumen to externa):
Mucosa:
Submucosa:
Muscularis externa:
Serosa:
Mucosa:
1) Simple columnar epithelium
2) Gastric pit
3) Gastric glands
Submucosa:
1) Connective tissue
2) Adipocytes
3) Mast cells, etc.
Muscularis externa:
Outer: Longitudinal
Middle: Circular
Inner: Oblique
Serosa:
- peritoneum
How is the surface area within the stomach increased physiologically?
Rugae present
What is the main difference between adventitia and serosa?
Serosa have peritoneum
Tubular glands in the stomach open into _________ within the ____________ layer.
Tubular glands → gastric pits in Lamina Propria
What are the 3 regions of gastric glands?
1) Isthmus
2) Neck
3) Base
What are 5 cell types found in glands?
1) Parietal
2) Peptic (Chief)
3) Surface mucous cells
4) Mucous neck cells
5) Neuroendocrine cells
Which part of the gland are Parietal cells found?
All:
Isthmus, Neck, Base
Which part of the gland are Peptic/Chief cells found?
Base
Which part of the gland are Surface Mucous cells found?
Gastric pit
Which part of the gland are Mucous Neck cells found?
Neck, Base
Which part of the gland are Stem cells found?
Neck
Which part of the gland are Neuroendocrine cells found?
Base
Liver lobules are ______-shaped and have:
1) _________ at angles of lobules
2) _________ at center
3) Plates of _________ (____-cell thick)
4) Liver sinusoids (lined by ___________ in a discontinuous lining)
5) Space of ______ (between sinusoids and hepatocytes only seen on EM)
Hexagonal-shaped
1) Portal tracks/triads @ angles
2) Central vein @ center
3) Plates of hepatocytes (1-cell thick)
4) Liver Sinusoids (lined by endothelial cells in discontinuous lining)
5) Space of Disse
The segment of the GIT between the esophagus is where the lining epithelium transitions from ____________ to ________________ at the ____________ junction.
Stratified squamous (esophagus) → Simple columnar (stomach)
@ the gastro-esophageal junction
Parietal cells are (more lightly/darkly) stained than peptic cells.
Parietal: lightly stained
Peptic: darkly stained
Of the neuroendocrine cells of the stomach,
G cells secrete ______
D cells secrete ______
G cells: Gastrin
D cells: Somatostatin
What are the 4 layers of the gall bladder?
1) Simple columnar epithelium (w microvillIi)
2) Submucosa/Lamina propria
3) Muscular layer
4) Adventitia/serosa
What are the macrophages in the liver called?
Kupffer cells
What is the main difference between the mucosae of the stomach, small and large intestines?
Stomach:
- Gastric pit + gland in LP
Small intestine:
- Intestinal villi
- Intestinal glands in LP
Large intestine:
- Intestinal gland in LP
How are the circular folds of the small intestine formed?
By plicae circulares
What is the epithelium lining the small intestine?
Simple columnar
What are 5 cell types of the small intestine?
1) Columnar absorptive cells
2) Goblet cells
3) Paneth cells
4) Undifferentiated cells
5) Endocrine cells
What are the histological differences between salivary and pancreatic exocrine glands?
1) Salivary have serous demilune
2) Exocrine has centroacinar cells
3) Salivary gland has striated interlobar duct
The epithelium of the small intestine has __________________ while the that of the large intestine only has ________________.
Small intestine → both villi and intestinal glands
Large intestine → Intestinal glands only (no villi)
What are 3 factors that increase the effective surface area for absorption in the small intestine?
1) Submucosal folds: Plica circulares
2) Villi
3) Microvilli
4) Length of small intestine
What is the epithelium of the small intestine?
Simple columnar
Where are peyer’s patches found?
Ileum
Where are Brunner’s glands and crypts of Lieberkuhn found?
Duodenum
Where are Paneth cells found?
Throughout the small intestine
What are 4 cell types in the small intestine epithelium?
1) Columnar absorptive cells
2) Goblet cells
3) Paneth cells
4) Undifferentiated cells
5) Endocrine cells
In the large intestine,
Epithelial cells mainly consist of (i)_____________ and (ii)_____________
while the the longitudinal muscle layer consists of ____________.
Epithelial cells: Columnar absorptive and goblet
Longitudinal muscle layer: Taenia coli
What is the characteristic histological feature of the appendix?
Lymphoid follicles
What happens to the epithelium at the rectoanal junction?
Epithelium: Simple columnar → stratified squamous
At the rectoanal junction, the muscularis mucosae becomes ___________ and the lower part of the anal canal is lined by ___________.
Muscularis becomes discontinuous
Lower part of anal canal lined by skin