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Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The oral cavity is composed by the mouth cavity and the ____________, it is lined by ___________________ epithelium.

A

Oral cavity:
1) Mouth cavity
2) Vestibule

Lined by stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

The lips are composed of an

Outer surface:
skin, hair folicle, sebaceous glands, orbicularis oris (skeletal/smooth muscle)

Inner surface:
______ membrane
Stratified squamous (non-)keratinising epithelium
Labial glands
Sensory nerves

A

Orbicularis oris (Skeletal)

Inner surface:
mucous membrane
Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium

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3
Q

The tongue is covered by a ______ membrane and has (rough/smooth) upper surface and (rough/smooth) under surface.

A

Mucous membrane
Rough upper, smooth lower

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae found on the tongue?

A

1) Filiform
2) Fungiform
3) Circumvallate
4) Foliate

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5
Q

What is the difference between fungiform and filiform papillae?

A

Filiform > numerous and smaller
but no taste buds (fungiform have)

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6
Q

The tongue has striated muscle in ___ planes?

A

3 planes

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7
Q

Taste buds are ______-shaped, extend through the full thickness of the epithelium and have (outer/inner) taste pores.

A

Barrel-shaped

Outer taste pores

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8
Q

What are 3 cell types in taste buds?

A

1) Supporting
2) Gustatory/neuroepithelial
3) Basal

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9
Q

What are 3 types of salivary glands?

A

1) Parotid gland
2) Submandibular gland
3) Sublingual gland

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10
Q

What are the secretory units of salivary glands?

A

Acini (serous, mucous or mixed)

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11
Q

The parotid gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

A

Parotid:
- consists of mucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

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12
Q

The submandibular gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

A

Submandibular:
- consists of mixed seromucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

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13
Q

The sublingual gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

A

Sublingual
- consists of mixed seromucous but mostly mucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

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14
Q

Serous acini are (Darkly/Lightly) stained while Mucous acini are (darkly/lightly) stained.

A

Serous: Dark
Mucous: Light

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15
Q

Saliva from acini are secreted through _______ ducts.

A

Striated/Intercalated ducts

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16
Q

Layers of the oesophagus (lumen to externa):
Mucosa:
Submucosa:
Muscularis externa:
Adventitia:

A

Mucosa:
1) Stratified squamous epithelium
2) Lamina propria
3) Muscularis mucosae

Submucosa:
1) Glands
2) Meissner’s plexus
3) Blood vessels

Muscularis Externa:
Inner circular, outer longitudinal
- Upper 1/3: striated
- Middle 1/3: Striated + Smooth
- Lower 1/3: Smooth

Adventitia: Loose connective tissues

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17
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

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18
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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19
Q

Layers of the stomach (lumen to externa):
Mucosa:
Submucosa:
Muscularis externa:
Serosa:

A

Mucosa:
1) Simple columnar epithelium
2) Gastric pit
3) Gastric glands

Submucosa:
1) Connective tissue
2) Adipocytes
3) Mast cells, etc.

Muscularis externa:
Outer: Longitudinal
Middle: Circular
Inner: Oblique

Serosa:
- peritoneum

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19
Q

How is the surface area within the stomach increased physiologically?

A

Rugae present

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20
Q

What is the main difference between adventitia and serosa?

A

Serosa have peritoneum

21
Q

Tubular glands in the stomach open into _________ within the ____________ layer.

A

Tubular glands → gastric pits in Lamina Propria

22
Q

What are the 3 regions of gastric glands?

A

1) Isthmus
2) Neck
3) Base

23
Q

What are 5 cell types found in glands?

A

1) Parietal
2) Peptic (Chief)
3) Surface mucous cells
4) Mucous neck cells
5) Neuroendocrine cells

24
Which part of the gland are Parietal cells found?
All: Isthmus, Neck, Base
25
Which part of the gland are Peptic/Chief cells found?
Base
26
Which part of the gland are Surface Mucous cells found?
Gastric pit
27
Which part of the gland are Mucous Neck cells found?
Neck, Base
28
Which part of the gland are Stem cells found?
Neck
29
Which part of the gland are Neuroendocrine cells found?
Base
30
Liver lobules are ______-shaped and have: 1) _________ at angles of lobules 2) _________ at center 3) Plates of _________ (____-cell thick) 4) Liver sinusoids (lined by ___________ in a discontinuous lining) 5) Space of ______ (between sinusoids and hepatocytes only seen on EM)
Hexagonal-shaped 1) Portal tracks/triads @ angles 2) Central vein @ center 3) Plates of hepatocytes (1-cell thick) 4) Liver Sinusoids (lined by endothelial cells in discontinuous lining) 5) Space of Disse
31
The segment of the GIT between the esophagus is where the lining epithelium transitions from ____________ to ________________ at the ____________ junction.
Stratified squamous (esophagus) → Simple columnar (stomach) @ the gastro-esophageal junction
32
Parietal cells are (more lightly/darkly) stained than peptic cells.
Parietal: lightly stained Peptic: darkly stained
33
Of the neuroendocrine cells of the stomach, G cells secrete ______ D cells secrete ______
G cells: Gastrin D cells: Somatostatin
34
What are the 4 layers of the gall bladder?
1) Simple columnar epithelium (w microvillIi) 2) Submucosa/Lamina propria 3) Muscular layer 4) Adventitia/serosa
35
What are the macrophages in the liver called?
Kupffer cells
36
What is the main difference between the mucosae of the stomach, small and large intestines?
Stomach: - Gastric pit + gland in LP Small intestine: - Intestinal villi - Intestinal glands in LP Large intestine: - Intestinal gland in LP
37
How are the circular folds of the small intestine formed?
By plicae circulares
38
What is the epithelium lining the small intestine?
Simple columnar
39
What are 5 cell types of the small intestine?
1) Columnar absorptive cells 2) Goblet cells 3) Paneth cells 4) Undifferentiated cells 5) Endocrine cells
40
What are the histological differences between salivary and pancreatic exocrine glands?
1) Salivary have serous demilune 2) Exocrine has centroacinar cells 3) Salivary gland has striated interlobar duct
41
The epithelium of the small intestine has __________________ while the that of the large intestine only has ________________.
Small intestine → both villi and intestinal glands Large intestine → Intestinal glands only (no villi)
42
What are 3 factors that increase the effective surface area for absorption in the small intestine?
1) Submucosal folds: Plica circulares 2) Villi 3) Microvilli 4) Length of small intestine
43
What is the epithelium of the small intestine?
Simple columnar
44
Where are peyer's patches found?
Ileum
45
Where are Brunner's glands and crypts of Lieberkuhn found?
Duodenum
46
Where are Paneth cells found?
Throughout the small intestine
47
What are 4 cell types in the small intestine epithelium?
1) Columnar absorptive cells 2) Goblet cells 3) Paneth cells 4) Undifferentiated cells 5) Endocrine cells
48
In the large intestine, Epithelial cells mainly consist of (i)_____________ and (ii)_____________ while the the longitudinal muscle layer consists of ____________.
Epithelial cells: Columnar absorptive and goblet Longitudinal muscle layer: Taenia coli
49
What is the characteristic histological feature of the appendix?
Lymphoid follicles
50
What happens to the epithelium at the rectoanal junction?
Epithelium: Simple columnar → stratified squamous
51
At the rectoanal junction, the muscularis mucosae becomes ___________ and the lower part of the anal canal is lined by ___________.
Muscularis becomes discontinuous Lower part of anal canal lined by skin

GIT (14 decks)

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