Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEN > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

color of adrenal cortex and why

A

yellowish in colour due to high content of lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

origin of the adrenal cortex

A

Mesodermal in origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Zona glomerulosa

  1. which gland?
  2. location?
  3. group cell morphology?
  4. cells and nucleus morphology?
  5. secrete?
A
  1. adrenal cortex
  2. under the capsule
  3. cells arranged into round and oval groups
  4. The cells are columnar with spherical deeply stained nuclei
  5. secrete aldosterone which causes sodium retention under
    control by angiotensinogen II
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The cells that have the highest content of cholesterol in the body.

A

Zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what secreted by Zona fasciculata?

A

glucocorticoids which is controlled by ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

composed of straight parallel cords of cells in adrenal cortex

A

Zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The broadest zone in adrenal cortex

A

Zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Zona fasciculata characteristics

A
  1. the broadest zone composed staight parallel cords of cells
  2. the cells are polyhedral with large vesicular nuclei which can be binucleated
  3. Their cytoplasm is filled with lipid droplets so appear vacuolated due to dissolved lipid droplets and has a spongy appearance, so called spongiocytes
  4. The cells have the highest content of cholesterol in the body
  5. The cells secrete glucocorticoids which is controlled by ACTH.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

from adrenal cortex that secrete sex hormones

A

Zona reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

has less lipid droplets and more lipofuscin pigments

A

Zona reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

origin of adrenal medulla

A

ectodermal in origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

has Chromaffin cells

A

adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

secrete adrenaline Chromaffin cells

A

Chromaffin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Morphology of Chromaffin cells

A

The cells are oval or polygonal with eccentric nuclei with basophilic cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

stain of medullary cells makes it brown

A

Chromaffin reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stain of medullary cells makes it red

A

Iodine stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stain of medullary cells makes it green

A

Vulpian test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what to add in Vulpian test on medullary cells

A

ferric chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what to add in Chromaffin reaction test on medullary cells

A

potassium dichromate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

origin of thyroid gland

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parenchyma of thyroid gland consists of

A

thyroid follicles & inter-follicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lining of the thyroid follicles

A

low cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what in the lumen of the thyroid follicles

A

colloid, a homogenous gelatinous acidophilic material stained intensely with PAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

synthesize thyroid hormones

A

follicular cells (thyrocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cells secrete calcitonin?

A

parafollicular cells ( C cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cells secrete parathormone?

A

Chief cells of parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cells of pancreas

A

A cells
B cells
D cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

secretion and location of A cells of pancreas

A

secrete primarily glucagon and are usually located
peripherally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

secretion and location of B cells of pancreas

A

produce insulin, are the most numerous, and are
located centrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

secretion and location of D cells of pancreas

A

secretion and location of B cells of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

origin of Pineal gland

A

Neuro-ectodermal in origin

32
Q

function of pinealocytes

A

secrete melatonin during night and serotonin during day

33
Q

what the pineal gland contain?

A
  1. pinealocytes
  2. Glial cells
  3. Corpora arenacea (brain sand)
34
Q

Corpora arenacea

A

it is brain sand in pineal gland, which is a calcified concretion containing hydroxyl apatite

35
Q

staining of acidophilic cells of anterior pituitary

A

eosin

36
Q

staining of basophilic cells of anterior pituitary

A

PAS (Periodic acid–Schiff stain)

37
Q

secrete GH

A

Somatotropic cells

38
Q

secrete prolactin

A

Mammotrophs

39
Q

secrete

TSH
ACTH
LH, FSH

A

Thyrotrophes
Corticotrophes
Gonadotrophes

40
Q

secrete oxytocin, ADH

A

Pars nervosa

41
Q

stain of non capsulated lymphatic nodules

A

basophilic

42
Q

what the parenchyma of the lymphatic follicle contain?

A

B lymphocytes, few T lymphocytes and macrophages

43
Q

cells called spongiocytes

A

cells of zona fasiculata

44
Q

stain of medulla to differentiate from cortex

A

Chromaffin reaction (potassium dichrome): brown
iodine: red
Vulpian test (ferric choloride): green

45
Q

most of the cells of the par tuberalis are

A

gonadotrophes

46
Q

Structure of lymphatic follicles

A

A- Stroma which consists of reticular cells and fibers.
B- Parenchyma which consists mainly of B lymphocytes and few T lymphocytes and macrophages

47
Q

Presence of germinal center of primary and secondary follicles

A

a- Primary follicle: without germinal center.
b- Secondary follicle: with germinal center.

48
Q

What is germinal center

A

is a pale central area which is formed as a result of exposure to infection or antigens, so the small B
lymphocytes (have dark nuclei) develop into medium sized B lymphocytes (have pale nuclei) which aggregate in the center of the follicle forming a pale area which is called germinal center.

49
Q

Characteristics of capsule of lymph nodes

A
  • Dense fibrous C.T and is penetrated by afferent lymphatics.
  • It is thickened at the hilum of the node.
50
Q

Characteristics of trabeculae of lymph nodes

A
  • Arise from the deep surface of the capsule.
    *They are regular in the cortex and divide it into cortical compartments.
  • In the medulla, they branch and anastomose dividing it into irregular areas.
51
Q

Characteristics of capsule of lymph nodes

A

Reticular fibrous network

52
Q

Characteristics of cortex of lymph nodes

A
  • Formed of lymphatic follicles which are found in the cortical
    compartments.
  • The follicles are either primary or secondary
53
Q

Characteristics of capsule of spleen

A
  • Thick fibrous C.T.
  • Not penetrated by afferent lymphatics.
  • Is covered by peritoneum
54
Q

Characteristics of trabeculae of spleen

A
  • They arise from the hilum of the spleen.
  • Divide the spleen into incomplete intercommunicating spleniclobules
55
Q

Characteristics of parenchyma of spleen

A

II- Parenchyma:
* Formed of splenic lobules, each splenic lobule is formed of:
A- White pulp: (Malpighian corpuscle):
* Formed of lymphatic follicles and may contain germinal center.
B- Red pulp:
* Occupy the areas between the white pulp.
* Formed of splenic cords separated by blood sinusoids.

56
Q

Location of thymus dependent zone

A

found in the deeper part of the cortex of lymph nodes

57
Q

Content of thymus dependent zone

A

contains T lymphocytes that are developed in the thymus gland and migrate to the thymus dependent zone by the blood

58
Q

What are the lymph sinuses

A

Subcapsular sinus
Cortical and subcortical sinus
Medullary sinuses

59
Q

Lining of the pharyngeal tonsils

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelium

60
Q

Location of the pharyngeal tonsils

A

nasopharynx

61
Q

Lining of the palatine tonsils

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

62
Q

Lining of the crypts of the palatine tonsils

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

63
Q

Tonsils that have crypts

A

Palatine

64
Q

The C.T capsule of palatine tonsils separates

A

The tonsils from the muscular wall of the pharynx

65
Q

Responsible for forming antibodies quickly against infective agents which may be taken with food or air

A

Lingual tonsils

66
Q

What are the adenoids

A

The pharyngeal tonsil

67
Q

Structure of the thymus barrier

A

1- Continuous capillary endothelium.
2- Complete basement membrane (around the endothelium).
3- Perivascular space around the capillary that contains macrophages
which phagocytose the antigens that escape outside the capillary.
4- Complete layer of reticular epithelial cells.

68
Q

Function of the thymus barrier

A

separate the developing immature Tlymphocytes in the thymus gland from the antigens in the
circulating blood

69
Q

Medulla of the thymus content

A

1- T- lymphocytes:
* They are less in number than in the cortex.
* The have completed their development in the cortex and become
pushed into the medulla.
2- Reticular epithelial cells.
3- Macrophages.4- Hassal’s corpuscles:
* It is a central hyaline acidophilic mass surrounded by concentric
layers of reticular epithelial cells.
* The acidophilic mass is degenerated cells.

70
Q

Cortex of the thymus contents

A

A- The cortex:
* It is the outer dark part of the lobule (due to its high content of
lymphocytes), it contains the following cells:
1- Lymphoblasts:
* Present in the outer part of the cortex.
* They have dark nuclei and derived from CFUs in the bone marrow.2- T-lymphocytes:
* Present in the deeper part of the cortex.
* Numerous and derived from the lymphoblasts.
3- Reticular epithelial cells:
* They are branched with a pale nucleus.
* They are secretory cells (responsible for secretion of thymic
hormones).
4- Macrophages.

71
Q

responsible for secretion of thymic hormones

A

Reticular epithelial cells

72
Q

Characteristics of hassal’s corpuscle

A

It is a central hyaline acidophilic mass surrounded by concentric layers of reticular epithelial cells.

73
Q

derived from CFUs in the bone marrow

A

Lymphoblasts in the thymus

74
Q

Cells Numerous and derived from the lymphoblasts

A

T lymphocytes

75
Q

Cells in the thymus branched with pale nucleus

A

Reticular epithelial cells

HEN (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions