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HEN > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the other name of the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis Cerebri

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2
Q

the master of endocrine glands

A

Pituitary glands

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3
Q

Hypophysis Cerebri attached to the hypothalamus by

A

Infundibulum

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4
Q

Pituitary glands are located in

A

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

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5
Q

Lobes of the pituitary glands

A

Anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis)
Posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis)

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6
Q

subdivision of the Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis

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7
Q

separated from pars distalis by cleft (remnant of embryonic pouch)

A

Pars intermedia

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8
Q

the pars tuberalis extends up along …….. and …… surfaces of pituitary stalk

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of
pituitary stalk

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9
Q

RELATIONS OF PITUITARY GLAND

A

Superiorly:
Diaphragma sellae:
Inferiorly:
1) Body of sphenoid 2) Sphenoidal air sinus
Laterally:
Cavernous sinus and its contents:
1) Internal carotid artery 2) Abducent nerve
Posteriorly:
1) Dorsum sellae 2) Basilar artery 3) Pons

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10
Q

Arterial supply of pituitary gland

A

Branches of internal carotid artery
1. Superior hypophyseal artery
2. Inferior hypophyseal artery

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11
Q

Veinous drainage of Pituitary gland

A

Drain into: Intercavernous sinuses

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12
Q

the shape of each lobe of the thyroid gland

A

pear shaped

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13
Q

anterior level of the lobes of the thyroid gland

A

from the middle of the thyroid cartilage to 4th or 5th tracheal rings

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14
Q

anterior level of the isthmus of Thyroid G

A

2-3-4 tracheal rings

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15
Q

posterior level of the thyroid gland

A

C5,6,7 and T1

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16
Q

the thyroid gland surrounded by capsules?

A

capsule of pretracheal fascia
capsule of thyroid gland

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17
Q

anterolateral relation of the thyroid G

A
  1. Anterior border of sternomastoid muscle
  2. Sternohyoid muscle
  3. Sternothyroid muscle
  4. Superior belly of omohyoid muscle.
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18
Q

Posterolateral relation of Thyroid G

A
  1. Carotid sheath
  2. Common carotid artery
  3. Internal jugular vein
  4. Vagus nerve
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19
Q

Medial relation of thyroid G

A
  1. Larynx
  2. Trachea
  3. Pharynx
  4. Esophagus
  5. Cricothyroid muscle
  6. External laryngeal nerve
  7. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
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20
Q

Rounded Posterior border of each lobe of thyroid related to?

A
  1. Superior parathyroid gland.
  2. Inferior parathyroid gland.
  3. Anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid arteries.
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21
Q

related anteriorly to the isthmus

A

sternothyroids
sternohyoid
anterior jagular veins
fascia
skin

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22
Q

related posterior to the isthmus

A

2,3,4 tracheal rings

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23
Q

related to the upper border of the isthmus

A

Terminal branches of superior thyroid arteries anastomose along its upper border

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24
Q

the pyramidal lobe connected to hyoid by

A

fibromuscular band called levator glandulae thyroidae

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25
Q

the embryological origin of levator glandulae thyroidae

A

thyroglossal duct

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26
Q

Blood Supply Of Thyroid Gland

A
  1. Superior thyroid artery
  2. Inferior thyroid artery
  3. Thyroida ima artery
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27
Q

Superior thyroid artery

Branch of?
Accompanied by?

A

external carotid artery
external laryngeal nerve

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28
Q

Inferior thyroid artery

Branch of?
Accompanied by?

A

thyrocervical trunk
Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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29
Q

Thyroida ima artery branch of

A

brachiocephalic artery or arch of aorta

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30
Q

Venous Drainage of thyroid gland: and their termination to?

A
  1. Superior thyroid vein:
    - Drains into internal jugular vein.
  2. Middle thyroid vein:
    - Drains into internal jugular vein.
  3. Inferior thyroid vein:
    - Receives tributaries from isthmus and lower poles of the gland.
    The 2 inferior thyroid veins:
    - Anastomose with each other as they descend in front of trachea
    - Drain into left brachiocephalic vein.
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31
Q

Lymph Drainage of thyroid gland

A

deep cervical lymph nodes
paratracheal nodes

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32
Q

Blood Supply and venous drainage of parathyroid glands

A

Arterial supply to parathyroid glands is from superior and inferior thyroid arteries.

Venous drainage is into superior, middle, and inferior thyroid
veins.

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33
Q

Lymph Drainage of parathyroid gland

A

Deep cervical and paratracheal lymph nodes

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34
Q

Nerve Supply of parathyroid gland

A

*Superior or middle cervical sympathetic ganglia

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35
Q

shape of pancreas

A

elongated organ (J shaped)

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36
Q

length of pancreas

A

15 cm

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37
Q

level of pancreas

A

lies obliquely across the posterior abdominal wall, at the level of
the L1 and L2 vertebral bodies

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38
Q

which regions is the surface anatomy of pancreas

A

epigastric, left hypochondriac, umbilical region

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39
Q

Anterior to the pancreas

A

Stomach, lesser sac (omental bursa), transverse mesocolon, superior mesenteric artery (anterior to uncinate and posterior to neck of pancreas)

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40
Q

Posterior to pancrease

A

IVC, aorta, splenic vein, portal vein, left kidney, left suprarenal gland

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41
Q

Superior to pancreas

A

splenic artery

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42
Q

lateral to pancreas

A

spleen

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43
Q

lateral to pancreas

A

spleen

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44
Q

medial to pancreas

A

Duodenum

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45
Q

superior mesenteric artery

Posterior to?
Anterior to?

A

the neck of pancreas
uncinate process

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46
Q

Posterior to the neck of pancreas

A

the superior mesenteric artery and vein and the origin of the portal vein

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47
Q

how the portal vein is formed

A

union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

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48
Q

the body consists of three surfaces and three borders

A

anterior, inferior, posterior surfaces
anterior, inferior, superior borders

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49
Q

the level of the body of pancreas

A

L2

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50
Q

relation of the body of pancreas

A
  • forms the floor of the omental bursa
  • anterior to aorta, superior mesenteric vessels, splenic vein, left renal vessels, left kidney, left suprarenal gland
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51
Q

the ligament of the tail of the pancreas

A

splenorenal ligament (lienorenal lig.)

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52
Q

the other name of the main pancreatic duct

A

Wirsung duct

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53
Q

the ampulla of Vatar

A

the union of the main pancreatic duct and the bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic duct

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54
Q

where is the hepatopancreatic duct open

A

into the descending part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

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55
Q

Flow through the ampulla of Vater is controlled by

A

(hepatopancreatic) sphincter of Oddi

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56
Q

the accessory pancreatic duct opens into

A

the minor papilla in the descending part of duodenum

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57
Q

blood supply of the pancreas

A
  1. splenic artery
  2. superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branches of the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries respectively)
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58
Q

origin of superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

A

gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric artery respectively

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59
Q

venous drainage of pancreas

A

anterior superior PD to superior mesenteric
posterior superior PD to portal vein
AIPD to SM
PIPD to SM
the drainage of bady and tail to the splenic vein

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60
Q

the uncinate process and head is supplied by

A

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal
arteries

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61
Q

Nerve supply

A

Parasympathetic innervation by vagus nerve
Sympathetic innervation: greater and lesser splanchnic nerves (T5-T12)
Both types of autonomic fibers travel until the celiac ganglion and superior mesenteric plexus, ultimately projecting onto the pancreas

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62
Q

lymph drainage of body and tail of pancreas

A

pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes

located along the splenic artery

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63
Q

Lymph drainage of head of pancreas

A

pyloric lymph nodes

lymph is transported to the superior mesenteric or celiac lymph nodes

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64
Q

shape of suprarenal gland

A

RT: pyramidal
LT: semi-lunar

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65
Q

Size of suprarenal gland

A

at birth: 1/3 size of the kidney
in adult: 1/30th size of the kidney

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66
Q

relation of right adrenal gland

A

Anterior: IVC, Right lobe of liver
Posterior: Right crus of diaphragm

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67
Q

relation of left adrenal gland

A

anterior: stomach, pancreas, spleen
Posterior: left crus of diaphragm

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68
Q

where the arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves enter through to reach the adrenal gland

A

Veins and lymphatics leave each gland via the hilum, but
arteries and nerves enter the glands at numerous sites.

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69
Q

the embryological origin of cortex and medulla

A
  • Cortex: derived from the embryonic mesoderm.
  • Medulla: derived from the ectodermal neural crest cells.
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70
Q

the cortex of the adrenal gland consists of

A
  1. Zona glomerulosa
  2. Zona fasciculata
  3. Zona reticularis
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71
Q

secretions of

  1. Zona glomerulosa
  2. Zona fasciculata
  3. Zona reticularis
A
  1. aldosterone
  2. cortisol and small amount of androgen
  3. secretes androgens as dehydroepiandrosterone
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72
Q

secrete enkephalins?

A

chromaffin cells of medulla of adrenal gland

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73
Q

Blood supply of adrenal gland and its origin

A

Superior adrenal artery – arises from the
inferior phrenic artery
Middle adrenal artery – arises from the
abdominal aorta.
Inferior adrenal artery – arises from the
renal arteries.

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74
Q

venous drainage of adrenal gland

A

right to aorta
left to left renal vein

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75
Q

Lymphatic drainage of adrenal gland

A

lumbar lymph nodes

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76
Q

Innervation of the adrenal gland

A

coeliac plexus and greater splanchnic nerves
T10-L1

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77
Q

site of the spleen

A

in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen inferior to the diaphragm (Left hypochondrium)

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78
Q

Size of the spleen

A

as clenched fist

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79
Q

3 borders of the spleen

A

superior, inferior and posteromedial
the inferior and posteromedial has smooth surface and the superior border contain notches

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80
Q

Surfaces of the spleen

A

Diaphragmatic surface: smooth, in contact with diaphragm and
thoracic cage.
Visceral surface: has impressions, in contact with the other abdominal viscera.

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81
Q

ends of the spleen

A

anterior broad end and posterior pointed end

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82
Q

Relation of the spleen

A

Anterior: stomach
Posterior: diaphragm, Left lung, Ribs 9-11
Inferior: left colic flexure
medial: left kidney, tail of pancreas

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83
Q

ligaments of spleen

A

Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament
phrenicocolic ligament

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84
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament connection

A

anterior to the splenic hilum, connects the spleen to the greater
curvature of the stomach

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85
Q

contents of

Gastrosplenic ligament

A

short gastric vessels and left gastroomental (gastroepiploic) arteries and veins.

86
Q

splenorenal ligament connection and contents

A

posterior to the splenic hilum, connects the hilum of
the spleen to the left kidney.
The splenic vessels and tail of the pancreas lie within this ligament

87
Q

the location of the lesser sac

A

between the gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligament

88
Q

phrenicocolic ligament connection

A

connects the colon to the
diaphragm

89
Q

origin of the splenic artery

A

celiac trunk

90
Q

how many branches of splenic artery when reach spleen

A

5

91
Q

Venous drainage of the spleen

A

the splenic vein unites with the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein

92
Q

nerve supply of the spleen

A

celiac plexus

93
Q

lymphatic drainage of the spleen

A

pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes

94
Q

what is the white pulp of spleen

A

is the main lymphoid tissue of the spleen. It is the accumulation of lymphocytes around an arterial vessel

95
Q

what is the red pulp

A

consists of splenic venous sinuses and cords (of Billroth)

96
Q

development of spleen

A

develops in the cephalic part of dorsal mesogastrium (from its left layer; during the sixth week of intrauterine life

97
Q

location of the thymus gland

A
  • superior mediastinum, posterior to the manubrium of the sternum
  • it can extend superiorly into the neck (reaching the thyroid gland), and inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum (lying in front of the fibrous pericardium)
98
Q

function of the thymus gland

A

In the adolescent, it is involved the development of the immune system as the initial site of T cell immune maturation.

99
Q

the embryological origin of the thymus

A

third pharyngeal pouch

100
Q

Blood supply of the thymus

A

*The arterial supply: the anterior intercostal arteries and small branches from the internal thoracic arteries.

*The venous drainage: the left brachiocephalic and internal thoracic veins

101
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

CATCHis a genetic syndrome caused by the deletion of part of
chromosome 22
Congenital heart defects
Abnormal facies
Thymus aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypoparathyrodism

102
Q

the name of the ring of tonsils

A

Waldeyer’s ring

103
Q

Waldeyer’s ring include?

A
  1. Adenoid tonsil (pharyngeal)
  2. two tubal tonsils
  3. two palatine tonsils
  4. Lingual tonsils
104
Q

the location of the palatine tonsils

A

These are located between the palatoglossal arch anteriorly and the palatopharyngeal arch posteriorly.

105
Q

what on the lateral and pharyngeal side of palatine tonsils

A
  1. fibrous capsule on the lateral side
  2. stratified squamous on the pharyngeal side
106
Q

Blood supply of palatine tonsils

A

Arterial
1. ascending palatine of facial
2. tonsilar branch of facial
3. ascending pharyngeal of external carotid artery
4. dorsal lingual branch of lingual artery
5. lesser palatine branch of descending palatine artery which is from maxillary artery

Venous
internal jagular vein via the peritonsillar plexus of lingual and pharyngeal veins

107
Q

location of lingual tonsils

A

the most posterior part of the tongue base

108
Q

blood supply of lingual

A

tonsilar branch of facial artery
Lingual artery
ascending pharyngeal of external carotid artery

109
Q

the other name of pharyngeal tonsils

A

Adenoids

110
Q

location of the phrayngeal tonsils

A

in the midline in the roof of the nasopharynx

111
Q

Blood supply of Pharyngeal tonsils

A

Arterial
1. Ascending palatine of facial
2. tonsilar branch of facial
3. ascending pharyngeal of external carotid
4. pharyngeal branch of maxillary
5. artery to pterygoid canal

Venous drainage is via numerous small veins which pierce the superior constrictor muscle to empty into the pharyngeal plexus

112
Q

venous drainage of pharyngeal tonsils

A

pharyngeal plexus

113
Q

site of tubal tonsils

A

at the opening of the
Eustachian (auditory) tube

114
Q

Blood Supply of tubal tonsils

A

Arterial supply ascending pharyngeal artery.
Venous drainage pharyngeal plexus.

115
Q

site of the superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes

A

adjacent to the anterior jagular vein

116
Q

lymph origin of superficial cervical lymph nodes

A

the infrahyoid region, isthmus of the thyroid gland, inferior larynx to the deep lateral cervical lymph nodes

117
Q

site of superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes

A

superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes

118
Q

the superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes drain lymph from …… to ……

A

parotid nodes to supraclavicular nodes

119
Q

Nodes of levels

A
  1. submental & submandibular
  2. upper jagular
  3. middle jagular
  4. lower jagular
  5. posterior triangle
  6. anterior and central compartment
  7. superior mediastinum
120
Q

site of submental LN

A

in the triangle boundary formed by
1. Ant belly of digastric muscles
2. hyoid bone

121
Q

site of submandibular LN

A

In triangle boundary formed by
1. ant belly of digastric
2. Stylohyoid & Post belly of digastric
3. Body of Mandible

122
Q

which level of upper jagular LN

A

Level II

123
Q

site of level II LN

A

located around upper third of internal jagular & adjacent spinal accessory nerve

124
Q

level and location

middle jagular LN

A

level III
around middle third of internal jagular

125
Q

level and location

Lower Jagular LN

A

IV
around the lower third of Internal jagular vein

126
Q

what is Virchow’s node?

A

it is a supraclavicular node, located in left supraclavicular fossa. It recieves lymph drainage of the abdominal cavity

127
Q

enlarged Virchow’s node

A

Troisier’s sign

128
Q

what is Troisier’s sign

A

enlarged of Virchow’s node that indicate the presence of cancer in the abdomen, specifically gastric cancer in the abdomen

129
Q

which level of Virchow’s node

A

IV

130
Q

location of Virchow’s node

A

left supraclavicular fossa

131
Q

what level V contain?

A

Posterior triangle LN

132
Q

location of the posterior triangle LN

A

along the lower half of spinal accessory nerve & transverse cervical arterty

133
Q

what level of VI contain

A

LN of anterior compartment of neck:
1. pretracheal
2. paratracheal
3. precricoid
4. perithyroid
5. LN along Recurrent Laryngeal Nr

134
Q

what level VII contain?

A

superior mediastinal group of LNs

135
Q

path of the lymph

A

superficial LN»>deep LN» jagular lymphatic trunk» left thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct&raquo_space; subcalvian vein

136
Q

location of the platysma muscle

A

in superficial cervical fascia

137
Q

attachment of the investing layer of deep fascia

A

Above: external occipital protuberance, mastoid process, external acoustic meatus, base of mandible
below: spine of scapula, acromion process, clavicle, manubrium of sternum
front: hyoid bone
Posterior: 7th cervical vertebra, ligamentum nuchae

138
Q

investing layer of deep fascia

encloses?
roof of?
gives 2 lamina?

A

encloses trapezius and sternomastoid ms
roof of anterior and posterior triangle
gives 2 lamina the pretracheal & prevertebral

139
Q

the pretracheal fascia encloses?

A

thyroid gland
trachea
esophagus
infrahyoid ms

140
Q

attachment of pretracheal fascia

A

hyoid bone

141
Q

mediastinum and extensions

  1. pretracheal fascia
  2. prevertebral fascia
  3. retropharyngeal space
A
  1. superior mediastinum attached to heart pericardium
  2. axilla sheath
  3. posterior mediastinum
142
Q

what forming the false capsule of the thyroid?

A

pretracheal fascia

143
Q

forms the floor of the posterior triangle

A

prevertebral fascia

144
Q

extension of the prevertebral fascia

A

from the skull to the 3rd thoracic vertebra

145
Q

the carotid sheath is formed of

A

anterior wall- pretracheal f.
posterior wall - prevertebral f.

146
Q

relation of the common carotid sheath

A

anteriorly: ansa cervicalis
posteriorly: sympathetic truck

147
Q

origin of ansa cervicalis and what supply?

A

C1-C3
supply three of four infrahyoid bone (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid)

148
Q

the retrophrayngeal space between

A

the prevertebral and buccopharyngeal fascia

149
Q

relations of the anterior triangle

A

1]-ANTERIORLY:-midline of the neck.
2]-POSTERIORLY:- ANTERIOR BORDER OF STERNO-MASTOID muscle.
3]-SUPERIORLY (( BASE )):- lower border of mandible

150
Q

contents of the superficial fascia of anterior triangle

A
  1. PLATYSMA muscle.
  2. CERVICAL BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE.
  3. ANTERIOR (TRANSVERSE) CUTANOUSNERVE OF NECK ( C 2,3 ).
  4. ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN.
  5. EXTERNAL JUGUAR VEIN.
  6. LYMPH NODES.
151
Q

Boundaries and contents Of Submental Triangle

A

Anteriorly (medially): Midline of the neck
Laterally: Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Inferiorly: Body of hyoid bone
Floor: Mylohyoid muscle

Contents of submental triangle:
1. Submental lymph nodes
2. Submental artery
3. Submental vein
2. Beginning of anterior jugular vein

152
Q

Boundaries and contents of digastric triangle

A

Anteriorly: Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Laterally:
1. Posterior belly of digastric muscle
2. Stylohyoid muscle
Superiorly: Lower border of body of mandible
Floor:
1. Mylohyoid muscle
2. Hyoglossus muscle

Contents:
1]=GLAND:-
1.Parotid gland.
2.Submandibular gland.
3.L.N.

2]=ARTERIES:-
1.Facial artery.
2.Submental artery.
3.Mylohyoid artery.

3]=VEINS:-
1.Anterior facial vein.
2.Mylohyoid vein.

4]=NERVES:-
1.Hypoglossal nerve.
2.Nerve to mylohyoid

153
Q

contents of digastric triangle in anterior and posterior part

A

Anterior part:
1. Submandibular salivary gland
2. Facial artery
3. Facial vein
4. Submandibular lymph nodes
5. Hypoglossal nerve

Posterior part:
1. Vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)
2. Glossopharyngeal nerve
3. Lower part of the parotid gland

154
Q

nerve supply of digastric ms

A

anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid

155
Q

origin of nerve of mylohyoid

A

branch of inferior alveolar nerve of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

156
Q

nerve supply of mylohyoid

A

nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve)

157
Q

nerve supply of stylohyoid

A

facial nerve

158
Q

facial nerve supply

A

posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid ms

159
Q

nerve to mylohyoid supply

A

anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid ms

160
Q

nerve supply of geniohyoid

A

First cervical nerve(C1) through hypoglossal nerve

161
Q

nerve supply of HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE

A

Hypoglossal nerve

162
Q

Boundaries of carotid triangle

A

Superiorly: Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Inferiorly: Superior belly of omohyoid muscle
Posteriorly: Anterior border of sternomastoid muscle
Floor:
1. Thyrohyoid muscle
2. Hyoglossus muscle
3. Middle constrictor muscle of pharynx
4. Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx

163
Q

Contents of carotid triangle

A
  1. Carotid sheath
  2. Common carotid artery
  3. Internal carotid artery
  4. External carotid artery
  5. Some branches of external carotid artery
  6. Internal jugular vein
  7. Some tributaries of internal jugular vein
  8. Hypoglossal nerve
  9. Descending branch of hypoglossal nerve
    (ansa cervicalis).
  10. Internal laryngeal nerve
  11. External laryngeal nerve
  12. Accessory nerve
  13. Vagus nerve
  14. Deep cervical lymph nodes
164
Q

branches of external carotid artery in the carotid triangle

A

facial
lingual
superior thyroid
occipital

فلس

165
Q

nerve supply of sternothyroid, sternohyoid, superior belly of omohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis (C1, 2, 3)

166
Q

nerve supply of thyrohyoid ms

A

nerve fibers from the anterior rami of the first cervical spinal nerve (C1) reach the muscle via the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) (the nerve to thyrohyoid)

167
Q

origin of sternomastoid

A

1]=Clavicular head:-
*Flattened.
*from upper surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle.
2]=Sternal head:-
*Rounded.
*from anterior surface of upper end of manubrium sterni.

168
Q

insertion of STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOID MUSCLE

A

INSERTION:-
1]=Lateral surface of
mastoid process.
2]=Lateral half of
superior nuchal line.

169
Q

NERVE SUPPLY of sternomastoid

A

1]=Motor:- spinal accessory.
2]=Proprioceptive:- C 2,3,4.

170
Q

Boundaries of posterior triangle

A

1]=Ant.:- posterior border of sternomastoid.
2]=Post.:- anterior border of trapezius.
3]=Apex:- meeting of both ant. & post. boundary
4]=Base :- intermediate 1/3 of clavicle.

171
Q

muscles of posterior triangle

A

1]=Semi-spinalis capitis.
2]=Splenius capitis.
3]=Levator scapulae.
4]=Scalenus medius.

172
Q

CONTENTS of posterior triangle

A

1-VEINS:
1-External jugular vein [its termination]
2-Subclavian vein.
3-Supra-scapular vein.
4-Transverse cervical vein.
2-Arteries :-
1-Subclavian artery[third part]
2-Supra-scapular artery.
3-Transverse cervical artery.
4-Occipital artery.
3-Nerves:-
1-Accessory nerve [spinal root]
2-Brachial plexus [roots & trunks]
3-Cervical plexus [branches]
4-Muscle :- inferior belly of omohyoid.
5-Lymph nods:-
1-Group at the apex:- occipital L.N.
2-Group at the base:- supra-clavicular L.N.

173
Q

Origin of the pituitary gland

A
  • An ectodermal out pocketing of stomodeum (primitive oral cavity), immediately in front of the oropharyngeal membrane, known as Rathke’s pouch
  • A downward extension of the diencephalon, the infundibulum
174
Q

What is the median eminence

A

Upper section of neurohypophysis above the pars
tuberalis

175
Q

Location of development of thyroid gland

A

in floor of the pharynx between tuberculum impar and copula at a point later indicated by foramen cecum

176
Q

Origin of the parafollicular cells of thyroid

A

Ultimobranchial body of the 4th pharyngeal pouch

177
Q

Origin of the external auditory meatus

A

1st cleft

178
Q

Origin of the cervical sinus

A

2nd cleft

179
Q

Origin of the myelohyoid

A

1st arch

180
Q

Origin of the anterior belly of digastric

A

1st arch

181
Q

Origin of the posterior belly of digastric

A

2nd arch

182
Q

Origin of the stylohyoid

A

2nd arch

183
Q

Origin of the platysma

A

2nd arch

184
Q

Origin of the stylopharyngeus

A

3rd arch

185
Q

Origin of the soft palate, pharyngeal, laryngeal ms

A

4-6th arch

186
Q

Origin of the eustachian tube

A

1st pouch

187
Q

Origin of the middle ear cavity

A

1st pouch

188
Q

Origin of the inferior parathyroid gland

A

3rd pouch

189
Q

Origin of the thymus

A

3rd pouch

190
Q

Origin of the superior parathyroid gland

A

4th pouch

191
Q

Obliteration of cervical sinus by

A

4th pouch

192
Q

Origin of the 10 9 7 5 nerves

A

4-6/3/2/1

193
Q

Supply the general sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Trigeminal

194
Q

Origin of the cricothyroid ms

A

4th arch

195
Q

Supply the taste sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Facial

196
Q

Supply the cricothyroid ms

A

External laryngeal nerve of the superior laryngeal

197
Q

Supply the general and taste sensation of Posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

198
Q

Origin of the lining of palatine tonsils

A

2nd pouch

199
Q

problem in rotation ofthe ventral part of pancreas

A

annular pancreas

200
Q

are the most common type of branchial cleft anomaly

A

second branchial cleft anomalies

201
Q

separates ant lobe of pituitary from the optic chiasma

A

diaphragma sella

202
Q

superior thyroid artery comes from?

A

External carortid artery

203
Q

the inferior thyroid artery comes from?

A

thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian from the brachiocephalic

204
Q

location of the two superior parathyroid gland

A

At middle of post. border of thyroid gland

205
Q

Location of the inferior parathyroid gland

A

Close to inferior poles of thyroid gland

206
Q

level of pancreas

A

L1&L2 vertebral bodies

207
Q

Floor of the carotid triangle

A
  1. Thyrohyoid muscle
  2. Hyoglossus muscle
  3. Middle constrictor muscle of pharynx
  4. Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx
208
Q

Splenic artery runs in which ligament

A

Splenorenal ligament

209
Q

How many branches does the splenic artery gives

A

Five branches

210
Q

Posterior relation of the the spleen

A

Diaphragm
Left lung
Ribs 9-11

211
Q

Location of level VI

A

Anterior compartment
Superiorly: Hyoid bone
Inferiorly: Suprasternal Notch
Laterally: medial border of carotid sheath

212
Q

Extent of superior mediastinal LN

A

Superiorly: superior edge of manubrium
Inferiorly: superior edge of arch of aorta

HEN (8 decks)

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