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HEN > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

inhibit adenylate cyclase

A

Epinephrine α2
acetylcholine
angiotensin II
stomatostatin

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2
Q

stimulate adenylate cyclase

A

Epinephrine β
ADH
ACTH
FSH
LH
MSH
TSH
PTH
glucagon

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3
Q

Calcium and phosphoinositides for number of hormones

A

Alpha1-adrenergic catecholamines
Vasopressin
Gonadotropin -releasing hormone (GnRH)
Oxytocin

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4
Q

activated by Group one of protein kinase cascade hormones

A

IRS (insulin receptor substrate)

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5
Q

activated by Group two of protein kinase cascade hormones

A

cytoplasmic proteins (STATs)
G protein mediated activation of phospholipase C

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6
Q

hormones of protein kinase cascade group 1we

A

insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin- like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)

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7
Q

hormones of protein cascade group two

A

growth hormone and prolactin

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8
Q

protein responsible for transporting cortisol

A

corticosteroid-binding globulin or transcortin

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9
Q

specific proteins transporting steroid hormones

A
  • corticosteroid-binding globulin, or transcortin
  • Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
  • Androgen binding protein (ABP)
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10
Q

nonspecific carrier of steroid hormones

A

Albumine

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10
Q

nonspecific carrier of steroid hormones

A

Albumine

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11
Q

synthesis of albumin is decreased by

A

inflammatory cytokines

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12
Q

albumin synthesized in liver as

A

preproalbumin

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13
Q

half life of albumin

A

20 days

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14
Q

plasma oncotic pressure is maintained mainly by

A

albumin

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15
Q

causes of hypoalbunemia

A
  • decreased albumin synthesis (liver cirrhosis, malnutrition)
  • increase losses of albumin
    increase catabolism in infection
    severe burns
    increase loss in bowel
    increase excretion by the kidneys (nephrotic syndrome)
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16
Q

effects of hypoalbuminemia

A
  • Edema due to low oncotice pressure make fluids move into interstitial fluid
  • Reduced transport of drugs and other substances in plasma
  • Reduced protein-bound calcium
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17
Q

the cause of hyperalbuminemia

A

dehydration

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18
Q

function of a1 antitrypsin

A

inhibit proteases produced from leucocytes and bacteria

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19
Q

example of proteases

A

Digestive enzymes(trypsin, chymotrypsin)
other proteases (elastase and thrombin)

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20
Q

clinical pictures of a1 antitrypsin def.

A
  • neonatal jaundice with evidence of cholestasis
  • Childhood liver cirrhosis
  • pulmonary emphysema
21
Q

quatitative measurments of a1 antitrypsin by

A

isoelectric focusing

22
Q

location of

synthesis of a fetoprotein

A

in developing embryo and fetus by the parenchymal cells of the liver

23
Q

Elevated maternal AFP is associated by

A

Neural tube defect- anencephaly

24
Q

decreased level of maternal AFP is associated by

A

Down syndrome

25
Q

AFP is a tumor marker for

A

Hepatoma and testicular cancer

26
Q

copper containing a2 globulin

A

ceruplasmin

27
Q

how many copper atoms in ceruplasmin

A

eight

28
Q

function of ceruplasmin

A

functions as a ferroxidase and helps in oxidation (conversion) of Fe++ to Fe+++ which can be incorporated into transferrin

29
Q

increase in ceruplasmin associated with

A

pregnancy, inflammatory processes, malignancies, oral oestrogen therapy and contraceptive pills

30
Q

decrease in ceruplasmin associated with

A

Wilson’s disease and in Menke’s disease

31
Q

function of haptoglobulin

A

binds free hemoglobin so complec Hp-Hb is too large to pass through glomreulus

free Hb passes and precipitate in kidney causing kidney damage

32
Q

causes of increase Hp

A

inflammation
infection
injury
malignancies

33
Q

causes of Hp decrease

A

hemolytic anemia

34
Q

acts as antioxidant

A

transferrin

35
Q

acts as antioxidant

A

transferrin

36
Q

Causes of decline in transferrin

A

burns, infections, malignant processes and liver and kidney diseases

37
Q

Cause of relative transferrin excess

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

38
Q

a component of human leukocyte antigen

A

B2 microglobulin

39
Q

location of B2 microglobulin

A

on the surface of lymphocytes and most nucleated cells

40
Q

causes of elevated serum levels of B2 microglobulin

A

impaired kideny disease
overproduction

41
Q

B2 microglobulin is a tumor marker for

A

lymphomas
leukemia
multiple myeloma

42
Q

classification of C reactive protein

A

B2 globulin

43
Q

positive acute phase protein

A

a1 antitrypsin
ceruplasmin
haptoglobulin
C reactive protein
fibrinogen

ACH FC

44
Q

function of the C reactive protien

A

its role to bind to phosphocoline expressed on the surface of dead cells and bacteria inorder to activate complement system

45
Q

onset and reacting peak duration of C reactive protein after actute insult

A

2 hours
reach peak in 48 hours

46
Q

classification of fibrinogen

A

B2 globulin

47
Q

function and cause of increase of fibrinogen

A

fibrin precusour
increase in acute inflammation

48
Q

mediators that increase release of acute phase proteins after injury

A

Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6)
tumor necrosis
factors a and B
interferons
platelet activating factor

49
Q

proteins decrease in inflammation

A

albumin
prealbumin
transferrin

50
Q

what is heme

A

is a metalloprophyrin in human, which consists of one Fe2+ coordinated in the center or the twtrapyrrole ring of protoporphyrinn IX

51
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda

A

disease caused by def. of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, which is involved in conversion of uroporphyrinogen to coproporphyrinogen

HEN (8 decks)

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