Histology

Question 1

Functions of CT

Answer 1

Physical protection
Support and structural framework
Binding of structures
Storage
Transport
Immune protection

Question 2

Connective tissue proper

Answer 2

Loose CT and Dense CT

Question 3

Loose CT

Answer 3

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

Question 4

Dense CT

Answer 4

Dense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic

Question 5

Three categories of Connective tissue

Answer 5

CT proper
Supporting CT
Fluid CT

Question 6

Supporting CT

Answer 6

Cartilage, Bone

Question 7

Cartilage (semisolid matrix)

Answer 7

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

Question 8

Bone (solid matrix)

Answer 8

Compact
Spongy

Question 9

Fluid CT

Answer 9

Blood, Lymph

Question 10

Areolar CT

Answer 10

Structure: Abundant ground substance, few collagen and elastic fibers, scattered fibroblasts.
Function: Protects tissues and organs, binds skin and some epithelia to deeper tissue
Location: Papillary layer of dermis, subcutaneous layer, surrounds organs, nerve cell, some muscle cells and blood vessels

Question 11

Adipose CT

Answer 11

Structure: packed adipocytes, nucleus pushed to edge of cell, contains many blood vessels
Function: stores energy, insulates, cushions, protects.
Location: subcutaneous layer, surrounds and covers some organs

Question 12

Reticular CT

Answer 12

Structure: Viscous ground substance, meshwork of reticular fibers, leukocytes, some fibroblasts
Function: provides stroma(supportive framework) to lymphatic organs
Location: spleen, lymph nodes and red bone marrow

Question 13

Dense regular CT

Answer 13

Structure: parallel arrays of collagen fibers, fibroblasts between layers of fibers, scarce ground substance, limited blood supply
Function: attaches bone to bone, muscle to bone, resists stress applied in one direction
Location: ligaments, tendons

Question 14

Dense irregular CT

Answer 14

Structure: Collagen fibers randomly arranged and clumped together, fibroblasts in spaces among fibers, more ground substance than dense regular CT, extensive blood supply
Function: withstands stresses applied in all directions, durable
Location: most of dermis of skin, periosteum covering bone, perichondrium covering cartilage epineurium covering nerves, epimysium covering skeletal muscle, some organ capsules.

Question 15

Dense CT: Elastic

Answer 15

Structure: predominantly composed of elastic fibers, fibroblasts in spaces between fibers
Function: allows for stretching and recoil
Location: walls of elastic arteries(aorta), trachea, vocal cords.

Question 16

Hyaline

Answer 16

Structure: glassy-appearing matrix, irregularly arranged chondrocytes in lacunae.
Function: provides support, forms most of fetal skeleton.
Location: tip of nose, trachea, most of larynx, costal cartilage, both the epiphyseal plates and articular ends of long bones, most of fetal skeleton.

Question 17

Fibrocartilage

Answer 17

Structure: readily visible, numerous, parallel collagen fibers with limited ground substance, large chondrocytes in lacunae.
Function: resists compression, acts as shock absorber in some joints.
Location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee joints.

Question 18

Cartilage: Elastic

Answer 18

Structure: abundant elastic fibers that form weblike mesh, closely packed chondrocytes in lacunae
Function: maintains shape while permitting extensive flexibility
Location: external ear, epiglottis of larynx

Question 19

Bone

Answer 19

Structure: osteocytes trapped in lacunae, compact bone organized in osteons, spongy bone is a meshwork that has a different organization from compact bone, good blood supply.
Function: provides levers for body movement, supports soft structures, protects organs, stores calcium and phosphorus, spongy bone contains hemopoietic tissue and is the site for hemopoiesis.
Location: bones of the body.

Question 20

Blood

Answer 20

Structure: contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, dissolved protein within a liquid ground substance called plasma
Function: erythrocytes transport oxygen and CO2, leukocytes help protect the body from infectious agents, and platelets help with blood clotting, coalesce assists with clotting. Plasma transport nutrients, wastes and hormones throughout body.
Location: blood vessels and in the heart.

Question 21

Lymph

Answer 21

Structure: similar to blood plasma but fewer suspended proteins, formed component is lymphocytes.
Function: caries fluid and lymphoctyes to lymph glands and the nback to the venous system to be recirculated in the blood
Location: bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Net movement of a substance from area of greater concentration to area of lesser concentration.
Steeper gradient causes faster rate of diffusion
Higher movement with higher temperature

Question 23

Osmosis

Answer 23

Movement of water, not solutes.
Passive movement of water through selectively permeable membrane
Water moves down gradient until equilibrium is reached( High water concentration to low water concentration)