Histology Flashcards
Functions of CT
Physical protection
Support and structural framework
Binding of structures
Storage
Transport
Immune protection
Connective tissue proper
Loose CT and Dense CT
Loose CT
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
Dense CT
Dense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic
Three categories of Connective tissue
CT proper
Supporting CT
Fluid CT
Supporting CT
Cartilage, Bone
Cartilage (semisolid matrix)
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Bone (solid matrix)
Compact
Spongy
Fluid CT
Blood, Lymph
Areolar CT
Structure: Abundant ground substance, few collagen and elastic fibers, scattered fibroblasts.
Function: Protects tissues and organs, binds skin and some epithelia to deeper tissue
Location: Papillary layer of dermis, subcutaneous layer, surrounds organs, nerve cell, some muscle cells and blood vessels
Adipose CT
Structure: packed adipocytes, nucleus pushed to edge of cell, contains many blood vessels
Function: stores energy, insulates, cushions, protects.
Location: subcutaneous layer, surrounds and covers some organs
Reticular CT
Structure: Viscous ground substance, meshwork of reticular fibers, leukocytes, some fibroblasts
Function: provides stroma(supportive framework) to lymphatic organs
Location: spleen, lymph nodes and red bone marrow
Dense regular CT
Structure: parallel arrays of collagen fibers, fibroblasts between layers of fibers, scarce ground substance, limited blood supply
Function: attaches bone to bone, muscle to bone, resists stress applied in one direction
Location: ligaments, tendons
Dense irregular CT
Structure: Collagen fibers randomly arranged and clumped together, fibroblasts in spaces among fibers, more ground substance than dense regular CT, extensive blood supply
Function: withstands stresses applied in all directions, durable
Location: most of dermis of skin, periosteum covering bone, perichondrium covering cartilage epineurium covering nerves, epimysium covering skeletal muscle, some organ capsules.
Dense CT: Elastic
Structure: predominantly composed of elastic fibers, fibroblasts in spaces between fibers
Function: allows for stretching and recoil
Location: walls of elastic arteries(aorta), trachea, vocal cords.
Hyaline
Structure: glassy-appearing matrix, irregularly arranged chondrocytes in lacunae.
Function: provides support, forms most of fetal skeleton.
Location: tip of nose, trachea, most of larynx, costal cartilage, both the epiphyseal plates and articular ends of long bones, most of fetal skeleton.
Fibrocartilage
Structure: readily visible, numerous, parallel collagen fibers with limited ground substance, large chondrocytes in lacunae.
Function: resists compression, acts as shock absorber in some joints.
Location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee joints.
Cartilage: Elastic
Structure: abundant elastic fibers that form weblike mesh, closely packed chondrocytes in lacunae
Function: maintains shape while permitting extensive flexibility
Location: external ear, epiglottis of larynx
Bone
Structure: osteocytes trapped in lacunae, compact bone organized in osteons, spongy bone is a meshwork that has a different organization from compact bone, good blood supply.
Function: provides levers for body movement, supports soft structures, protects organs, stores calcium and phosphorus, spongy bone contains hemopoietic tissue and is the site for hemopoiesis.
Location: bones of the body.
Blood
Structure: contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, dissolved protein within a liquid ground substance called plasma
Function: erythrocytes transport oxygen and CO2, leukocytes help protect the body from infectious agents, and platelets help with blood clotting, coalesce assists with clotting. Plasma transport nutrients, wastes and hormones throughout body.
Location: blood vessels and in the heart.
Lymph
Structure: similar to blood plasma but fewer suspended proteins, formed component is lymphocytes.
Function: caries fluid and lymphoctyes to lymph glands and the nback to the venous system to be recirculated in the blood
Location: bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels
Diffusion
Net movement of a substance from area of greater concentration to area of lesser concentration.
Steeper gradient causes faster rate of diffusion
Higher movement with higher temperature
Osmosis
Movement of water, not solutes.
Passive movement of water through selectively permeable membrane
Water moves down gradient until equilibrium is reached( High water concentration to low water concentration)
