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1mb principles > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Plasmalemma can exocytose and endocytose material

A

True

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2
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Energy production

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3
Q

Function of rough ER

A

Protein synthesis and initiation of glycoprotein formation

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4
Q

Function of smooth ER

A

Cholesterol and lipid synthesis/detoxification

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5
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus

A

Modification and packaging of secretions

Generate ATP

Synthesis of certain lipids and proteins

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6
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Hydrolytic enzymes of intracellular digestion

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7
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Contains genetic code

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8
Q

State the order of cytoskeletons from largest to smallest and what they’re composed of

A

Microfilaments:
7nm, composed of actin

Intermediate filaments:
>10nm, composed of proteins

Microtubules:
25nm, composed of tubulin

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9
Q

Are cytoskeletons polar or non polar?

A

Polar

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10
Q

Where do cytoskeletons originate from?

A

Centrosome

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11
Q

Outer nuclear membrane of nucleus is studded with..

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

Site of mRNA synthesis

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Site of tRNA synthesis

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

Site of rRNA synthesis

A

Nucleolus

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15
Q

Where is ribosome formed?

A

Nucleolus

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16
Q

Function of occluding junctions

A

Link cells to form diffusion barrier

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17
Q

Function of anchoring junctions

A

Provide mechanical strength

Link submembrane actin bundles of adjacent cells. Cadherin molecules bind to each other in extracellular space and to actin of cytoskeleton

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18
Q

Function of communicating junctions

A

Allow movement of molecules between cells

Often termed gap junctions

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19
Q

Differentiate between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

A

D: Link submembrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells

H: Link submembrane intermediate filaments of cells to extacellular matrix through transmembrane proteins

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20
Q

Pores in communicating junctions are produced by..

A

Connexion proteins

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21
Q

Where are communicating junctions found?

A

Epithelium
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

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22
Q

T or F: Endocytosis is receptor mediated

A

True

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23
Q

Main stain used in haematology

A

H&E

Haematoxylin – purple, basic dye
Eosin – pink, acidic dye

24
Q

T or F: Epitheliums are usually polarised

A

True

Apical and basal sides differ

25
Q

Where are the products secreted in endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

ED: Towards basal end of cell (Ductless)

EX: Towards apical end of cell (Ducted)

26
Q

Examples of soft connective tissue

A 
Tendons
Ligaments
Mesentery
Stroma of organs
Dermis of skin
27
Q

Examples of hard connective tissue

A

Bone and cartilage

28
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

29
Q

Examples of hyaline cartilage

A

Articular surface
Tracheal rings
Costal cartilage
Epiphyseal growth plates

30
Q

What does the extracellular matrix consist of?

A

Fibres – collagen, reticular and elastic fibres
Ground substance
Tissue fluid

31
Q

Multinucleated + elongated nuclei and located at the periphery

A

Skeletal muscle

32
Q

Connective tissue coat in CNS

A

Meninges

33
Q

Connective tissue coat in PNS

A

Epineurium

34
Q

Support and ion transport

A

Astrocytes

35
Q

Provide immune surveillance

A

Microglia

36
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies in CNS and PNS

A 
CNS = Nucleus
PNS = Ganglion
37
Q

Which organelles stain purple?

A

DNA in the nucleas

RNA in the ribosome

38
Q

Layer of arteries and what are they made of

A 
Tunica intima - Endothelial cells
Internal elastic membrane
Tunica media - Smooth muscle
External elastic membrane
Tunica adventitia - Supporting connective tissue
39
Q

T or F: Arterioles have adventitia

A

False

Only 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media and almost no adventitia

40
Q

Give examples of:

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

A

Continuous – muscle, nerve, lung, skin

Fenestrated – (have pores) gut mucosa, endocrine glands, kidney

Sinusoidal – (have large gaps) liver, spleen, bone marrow

41
Q

Protective

A

Non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

42
Q

Secretory

A

Simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands

43
Q

Absorptive

A

Simple columnar epithelium with villi &

tubular glands

44
Q

Protective + Absorptive

A

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular

glands

45
Q

Granulated WBC

A

Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil

46
Q

Non-granulated WBC

A

Monocyte, lymphocyte

47
Q

Segmented nuclei

A

Neutrophil

48
Q

Very dense granules, segmented nuclei

A

Basophil

49
Q

Bilobed nucleus

A

Eosinophil

50
Q

Kidney bean nucleus

A

Monocyte

51
Q

Small, virtually no cytoplasm, unsegmented nucleus

A

Lymphocyte

52
Q

Which WBC stains blue/purple?

A

Basophil

53
Q

Which WBC stains red/pink?

A

Eosinophil

54
Q

Differentiate euchromatin and heterochromatin

A

Euchromatin: DNA that is more dispersed and is actively undergoing transcription (central, white)

Heterochromatin: DNA that is highly condensed and not undergoing transcription (periphery, grey)

55
Q

Once the vessel begins to
acquire intermittent smooth
muscle cells in a tunica media
layer, they are referred to as..

A

Venules

56
Q

Which WBC has Barr bodies?

A

Neutrophils

1mb principles (7 decks)

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