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CARDIO > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Order of layers from superficial to internal

A

Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

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2
Q

Endothelium of endocardium

A

Simple squamous endothelium

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3
Q

Layer under endothelium of endocardium

A

Subendocardial layer

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4
Q

Cells of endocardium endothelium

A

Elastic and connective fibers

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5
Q

Content of subendocardial layer

A

Microvasculature
Nerves
Purkinje fibers

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6
Q

Which layer is highly vascularized

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

Outermost layer

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

Epithelium of epicardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What surrounds the pericardium

A

An external layer of adipose tissue

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10
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A 
Tricuspid valve (right atrium to right ventricle)
Mitral valve (left atrium to left ventricle)
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11
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

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12
Q

Central core of atrioventricular valves

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

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13
Q

Structure with high dense connective tissue and a thin layer of endothelium

A

Aortic valve

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14
Q

What are the cells conducting the system of SA node

A

Modified cardiac muscle cells

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15
Q

Purkinje fibers are

A

Conducting myofibers

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16
Q

Cells rich in mitochondria and glycogen

A

Purkinje fibers

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17
Q

Which are larger, purkinje fibers or cardiac muscle fibers

A

Purkinje fibers

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18
Q

Order of veins from large to small

A

Large vein - medium sized vein - venule

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19
Q

Order of arteries from large to small

A

Elastic artery - muscular artery - arteriole

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20
Q

Difference between arteries and muscular arteries

A

Muscular arteries have an internal elastic lamina between tunica intima and media + an external elastic lamina between tunica media and tunica externa

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21
Q

Difference between large veins and medium sized veins

A

Medium sized veins have valves

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22
Q

Order of components in vascular wall arteries and veins

A

Endothelium - smooth muscle - connective tissue

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23
Q

Main structural difference between artery and veins

A

Arteries are round looking under microscope

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24
Q

Order of vessel wall layers from internal to external

A

Intima - media - adventitia

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25
Q

Epithelium of tunica intima of vessel wall

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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26
Q

Key characteristic of tunica intima - media

A

Internal elastic membrane separating both

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27
Q

Layer between tunica intima and media formed of

A

Smooth muscle cells

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28
Q

Function of myocytes

A

Modify blood flow / blood pressure

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29
Q

What system controls the contraction of myocytes

A

Autonomic nervous system + hormones + local chemicals

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30
Q

What is vasa vasorum in tunica adventitia

A

Small blood vessels that supply oxygen + nutrients to tunica media

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31
Q

Function of nervi vascularis in tunica adventitia

A

Small nerves controlling myocyte contraction

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32
Q

Take home message of tunica intima

A

Endothelium + basal lamina of CT

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33
Q

Take home message of tunica media

A

Layers of smooth muscle cells

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34
Q

Take home message of tunica adventitia

A

CT later, fibroblast, collagen + elastic fibers

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35
Q

Which are elastic arteries

A

Aorta, pulmonary arteries and their main branches

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36
Q

What separates smooth muscle cells in tunica media

A

Elastic lamellae

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37
Q

The number and thickness of lamellae related to

A

Blood pressure and age

38
Q

Components of elastic arteries: tunica media

A

Smooth muscle
Fenestrated elastic lamellae
Collagen fibers

39
Q

Elastic fibers tunica adventitia

A

Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, vasa vasorum, nervi vascularis, fibroblasts

40
Q

Which arteries help reduce changes in pressure

A

Elastic arteries

41
Q

What is missing in tunica media of muscular arteries that elastic arteries have

A

Elastic lamellae

42
Q

What are muscular arteries

A

Distributing arteries

43
Q

Which are the most abundant arteries

A

Muscular arteries

44
Q

Muscular arteries have a thick

A

Tunica media

45
Q

Which endothelium is thinner of tunica intima, in muscular or elastic arteries

A

In muscular arteries thinner due to thinner subendothelial CT

46
Q

Collagen stains

A

Blue

47
Q

Elastic lamellae stains

A

Purple

48
Q

Function of arterioles

A

Regulate blood flow + at terminal vessels

49
Q

Function of metarterioles

A

Channels of delivering blood to capillary bed

50
Q

Metarterioles are surrounded by

A

Incomplete rings of smooth muscle

51
Q

Slowest and thinnest vessels

A

Capillaries

52
Q

Endothelium of capillaries

A

Single endothelial cells

53
Q

What do pericytes look like

A

Small dark cells on the sides of capillaries

54
Q

Function of pericytes

A

Communicate w/ endothelial cells

Involved in contractile cells and tissue regeneration

55
Q

Continuous capillaries basement membrane

A

Continuous

55
Q

Continuous capillaries basement membrane

A

Continuous

56
Q

Function of continuous capillaries

A

Regulate exchange of materials

57
Q

Main characteristic of continous capilaries

A

Continuous membrane and pinocytic vesicles

58
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Openings bridged by diaphragm

59
Q

Function of fenestrated capillaries

A

A more extensive molecular exchange

60
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found

A

Kidney, intestine… tissues of rapid exchange

61
Q

Discontinuous capillaries function

A

Leakage between endothelial cells

62
Q

Maximum macromolecule exchange occurs at which capillary

A

Discontinous capillary

63
Q

What depends on size, charge and shape of trasversing molecules

A

The permeability of capillaries

64
Q

What molecules cross through transcellular pathway (diffusion)

A

Small lipid-soluble (O2, CO2…)

65
Q

What molecules cross through paracellular pathway (Water pores)

A

Small water soluble molecules (H2O, Aa, glucose)

66
Q

What molecules cross through transcytosis (capillaries)

A

Macromolecules, Ab, albumin

67
Q

Thoroughfare channel in capillary network are

A

Direct connections between metarteriole and venules

68
Q

Precapillary sphincter are

A

Rings of smooth muscle that either open or close capillary flow

69
Q

What controls the arteriovenous anastosomes

A

Thermoregulation

70
Q

During cold temperatures:

A

Dilated anastomosis so blood does not pass to capillaries

71
Q

During warm temperatures:

A

Constricted anastomosis so blood crosses to capillaries and releases heat

72
Q

Arterial portal system ex.

A

Kidney portal system

73
Q

Place at which white blood cells leave circulation

A

Postcapillary venules

74
Q

Distinguish veins from arterioles

A

Veins are not round lookng and have red dots in center

75
Q

Predominant layer in arteries

A

Tunica media

76
Q

Predominant layer in veins

A

Tunica adventitia

77
Q

Both media and adventitia layer in veins have

A

Elastic fibers

78
Q

Valves in large veins are rich in

A

Elastic fibers

79
Q

Function of valves

A

Prevent backflow

80
Q

Why are valves in veins and not in arteries

A

Due to the low pressure in veins

81
Q

Elastic lamina in veins are seen or not seen

A

NOT seen

82
Q

Motor nerves are

A

Efferent

83
Q

Sensory nerves are

A

Afferent

84
Q

Principle site at which WBC leave circulation

A

Postcapillary venules

85
Q

Is there an elastic membrane between tunica media and adventitia in VEINS

A

NO

86
Q

More vasa vasorum in veins or in arteries

A

In veins

87
Q

Carotid sinus has chemoreceptors or baroreceptors

A

Baroreceptor

88
Q

Carotid body has baroreceptors or chemoreceptors

A

Chemoreceptors

89
Q

Carotid body (chemoreceptors) responds to

A

Low O2 and pH

High CO2

90
Q

Function of carotid sinus (baroreceptor)

A

Regulate blood pressure

CARDIO (8 decks)

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