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CARDIO > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Order of layers from superficial to internal

A

Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

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2
Q

Endothelium of endocardium

A

Simple squamous endothelium

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3
Q

Layer under endothelium of endocardium

A

Subendocardial layer

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4
Q

Cells of endocardium endothelium

A

Elastic and connective fibers

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5
Q

Content of subendocardial layer

A

Microvasculature
Nerves
Purkinje fibers

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6
Q

Which layer is highly vascularized

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

Outermost layer

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

Epithelium of epicardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What surrounds the pericardium

A

An external layer of adipose tissue

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10
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A 
Tricuspid valve (right atrium to right ventricle)
Mitral valve (left atrium to left ventricle)
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11
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

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12
Q

Central core of atrioventricular valves

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

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13
Q

Structure with high dense connective tissue and a thin layer of endothelium

A

Aortic valve

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14
Q

What are the cells conducting the system of SA node

A

Modified cardiac muscle cells

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15
Q

Purkinje fibers are

A

Conducting myofibers

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16
Q

Cells rich in mitochondria and glycogen

A

Purkinje fibers

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17
Q

Which are larger, purkinje fibers or cardiac muscle fibers

A

Purkinje fibers

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18
Q

Order of veins from large to small

A

Large vein - medium sized vein - venule

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19
Q

Order of arteries from large to small

A

Elastic artery - muscular artery - arteriole

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20
Q

Difference between arteries and muscular arteries

A

Muscular arteries have an internal elastic lamina between tunica intima and media + an external elastic lamina between tunica media and tunica externa

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21
Q

Difference between large veins and medium sized veins

A

Medium sized veins have valves

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22
Q

Order of components in vascular wall arteries and veins

A

Endothelium - smooth muscle - connective tissue

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23
Q

Main structural difference between artery and veins

A

Arteries are round looking under microscope

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24
Q

Order of vessel wall layers from internal to external

A

Intima - media - adventitia

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25
Epithelium of tunica intima of vessel wall
Simple squamous epithelium
26
Key characteristic of tunica intima - media
Internal elastic membrane separating both
27
Layer between tunica intima and media formed of
Smooth muscle cells
28
Function of myocytes
Modify blood flow / blood pressure
29
What system controls the contraction of myocytes
Autonomic nervous system + hormones + local chemicals
30
What is vasa vasorum in tunica adventitia
Small blood vessels that supply oxygen + nutrients to tunica media
31
Function of nervi vascularis in tunica adventitia
Small nerves controlling myocyte contraction
32
Take home message of tunica intima
Endothelium + basal lamina of CT
33
Take home message of tunica media
Layers of smooth muscle cells
34
Take home message of tunica adventitia
CT later, fibroblast, collagen + elastic fibers
35
Which are elastic arteries
Aorta, pulmonary arteries and their main branches
36
What separates smooth muscle cells in tunica media
Elastic lamellae
37
The number and thickness of lamellae related to
Blood pressure and age
38
Components of elastic arteries: tunica media
Smooth muscle Fenestrated elastic lamellae Collagen fibers
39
Elastic fibers tunica adventitia
Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, vasa vasorum, nervi vascularis, fibroblasts
40
Which arteries help reduce changes in pressure
Elastic arteries
41
What is missing in tunica media of muscular arteries that elastic arteries have
Elastic lamellae
42
What are muscular arteries
Distributing arteries
43
Which are the most abundant arteries
Muscular arteries
44
Muscular arteries have a thick
Tunica media
45
Which endothelium is thinner of tunica intima, in muscular or elastic arteries
In muscular arteries thinner due to thinner subendothelial CT
46
Collagen stains
Blue
47
Elastic lamellae stains
Purple
48
Function of arterioles
Regulate blood flow + at terminal vessels
49
Function of metarterioles
Channels of delivering blood to capillary bed
50
Metarterioles are surrounded by
Incomplete rings of smooth muscle
51
Slowest and thinnest vessels
Capillaries
52
Endothelium of capillaries
Single endothelial cells
53
What do pericytes look like
Small dark cells on the sides of capillaries
54
Function of pericytes
Communicate w/ endothelial cells | Involved in contractile cells and tissue regeneration
55
Continuous capillaries basement membrane
Continuous
55
Continuous capillaries basement membrane
Continuous
56
Function of continuous capillaries
Regulate exchange of materials
57
Main characteristic of continous capilaries
Continuous membrane and pinocytic vesicles
58
Fenestrated capillaries
Openings bridged by diaphragm
59
Function of fenestrated capillaries
A more extensive molecular exchange
60
Where are fenestrated capillaries found
Kidney, intestine... tissues of rapid exchange
61
Discontinuous capillaries function
Leakage between endothelial cells
62
Maximum macromolecule exchange occurs at which capillary
Discontinous capillary
63
What depends on size, charge and shape of trasversing molecules
The permeability of capillaries
64
What molecules cross through transcellular pathway (diffusion)
Small lipid-soluble (O2, CO2...)
65
What molecules cross through paracellular pathway (Water pores)
Small water soluble molecules (H2O, Aa, glucose)
66
What molecules cross through transcytosis (capillaries)
Macromolecules, Ab, albumin
67
Thoroughfare channel in capillary network are
Direct connections between metarteriole and venules
68
Precapillary sphincter are
Rings of smooth muscle that either open or close capillary flow
69
What controls the arteriovenous anastosomes
Thermoregulation
70
During cold temperatures:
Dilated anastomosis so blood does not pass to capillaries
71
During warm temperatures:
Constricted anastomosis so blood crosses to capillaries and releases heat
72
Arterial portal system ex.
Kidney portal system
73
Place at which white blood cells leave circulation
Postcapillary venules
74
Distinguish veins from arterioles
Veins are not round lookng and have red dots in center
75
Predominant layer in arteries
Tunica media
76
Predominant layer in veins
Tunica adventitia
77
Both media and adventitia layer in veins have
Elastic fibers
78
Valves in large veins are rich in
Elastic fibers
79
Function of valves
Prevent backflow
80
Why are valves in veins and not in arteries
Due to the low pressure in veins
81
Elastic lamina in veins are seen or not seen
NOT seen
82
Motor nerves are
Efferent
83
Sensory nerves are
Afferent
84
Principle site at which WBC leave circulation
Postcapillary venules
85
Is there an elastic membrane between tunica media and adventitia in VEINS
NO
86
More vasa vasorum in veins or in arteries
In veins
87
Carotid sinus has chemoreceptors or baroreceptors
Baroreceptor
88
Carotid body has baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
89
Carotid body (chemoreceptors) responds to
Low O2 and pH | High CO2
90
Function of carotid sinus (baroreceptor)
Regulate blood pressure

CARDIO (8 decks)

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