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CARDIO > Coronary circulation II + Venous return > Flashcards

Coronary circulation II + Venous return Flashcards

1
Q

Small cardiac veins return blood FROM

A

Right ventricular muscle

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2
Q

Thebesian veins EMPTY in

A

All chambers

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3
Q

Venous return =

A

(Venous P - Right Atrium P) / Venous Resistance

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4
Q

Increased vasoconstriction will lead to (Higher or lower VR)

A

Lower venous return due to a higher resistance

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5
Q

If there is constriction due to SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION (ex. sports) there will be an increase or decrease of VR

A

Increased venous return from Increased RESISTANCE –> Increased V PRESSURE pressure –> Increased venous RETURN

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6
Q

Blood flows from high to low pressure?

A

Yes

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7
Q

When do valves open

A

When pressure in 1st chamber > pressure in 2nd

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8
Q

Contraction causes increased pressure within a chamber?

A

Yes

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9
Q

PHASE 1 CC corresponds to

A

Atrial depolarization

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10
Q

PHASE 1, systole or diastole

A

Diastole, muscle relaxation

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11
Q

PHASE 1 (CC): Why does ventricular volume slightly increase if we are in diastole

A

Because there is passive flow from atria to ventricle before contraction

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12
Q

Increase in Atrial Pressure causes

A

Atrial contraction

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13
Q

Pa > Pv causes in valves

A

To open (both tricuspid and mitral)

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14
Q

Pa < Pv causes in valves

A

To close (both tricuspid and mitral)

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15
Q

1ST SOUND WHEN

A

Atrioventricular valves CLOSE (tricuspid + mitral)

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16
Q

When does systole begin

A

At the end of the 1ST sound, when the tricuspid and mitral valve close

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17
Q

PHASE 2 CC corresponds to

A

Isovolumetric contraction (systole)

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18
Q

What causes the beginning of ventricular contraction

A

Increase of ventricular pressure

19
Q

Why do semilunar valves not open in PHASE 2

A

Because aortic and pulmonary artery P > Ventricular P

20
Q

Why is Phase 2 called an ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION

A

Because ventricle begins to contract in a closed space since semilunar valves are not yet opened

21
Q

When will ventricular ejection occur

A

When P ventricle > P aorta + P pulmonary artery

22
Q

Valves OPEN when

A

P in 1st chamber > P 2nd chamber

23
Q

Valves CLOSE when

A

P in 1st chamber < P 2nd chamber

24
Q

PHASE 3 CC corresponds to

A

Rapid ejection (systole, muscle contraction)

25
Q

Aortic and pulmonary valves open because

A

P ventricle&raquo_space; P aorta + P pulmonary artery

26
Q

Peak P of aorta occurs at

A

PHASE 3: Rapid ejection

27
Q

In which phase is the max. blood ejection

A

At rapid ejection (systole)

28
Q

PHASE 4 CC corresponds to

A

Reduced ejection

29
Q

T wave corresponds to

A

Ventricular repolarization

30
Q

T wave of EKG is in which phase of CC

A

Reduced ejection

31
Q

Why is force ejection reduced at this phase?

A

Because ventricular pressure decreases as ventricular volume decreases

32
Q

Why do semilunar valves close at PHASE 4 of reduced ejection

A

Because P aorta + P pulmonary artery > P ventricles

33
Q

Where is the end of SYSTOLE and beginning of 2nd diastole

A

When semilunar valves close, end of ventricular ejection

34
Q

2ND SOUND WHEN

A

Semilunar valves close

35
Q

PHASE 5 corresponds to

A

Isovolumetric relaxation (diastole)

36
Q

Why do ventricles relax in isovolumetric relaxation

A

Because P ventricular decreases and valves are closed

37
Q

Why is it called isovolumetric relaxation

A

Because volume remains unchanged

38
Q

Why is P atrial slowly increasing during isovolumetric relaxation

A

Because atria are being filled with blood

39
Q

PHASE 6 corresponds to

A

Ventricular filling

40
Q

When does ventricular filling start

A

When P atria > P ventricle so atrioventricular valves open

41
Q

Why is there ventricular filling before atrial contraction during Ventricular filling phase

A

Because there is passive flow of blood to ventricle before the atria contracts. –> Phase 1

42
Q

Which is the longest phase of the cycle

A

Slow ventricular filling

43
Q

Difference between phase 6 and 7 in CC

A

Phase 6 is fast ventricular filling bc atrioventricular valves are opened
Phase 7 is slow ventricular filling bc pressure in ventricle increases, therefore the pressure gradient across AV is decreased… This causes a decreased ventricular filing

CARDIO (8 decks)

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