Histology

Question 1

1. Name the two main functions of the Ovaries.

2. Name the two parts of the ovaries

Answer 1

1. Oogenesis and Production of progesterone/oestrogen

2. Cortex and medulla

Question 2

1. What is found in the medulla?
2. The cortex has scattered _______ _______ in a highly cellular
   connective tissue stroma. The outer ‘shell’ of the cortex is a
   dense connective tissue layer called the ______ _________,
   which is covered by a single layer of cuboidal cells called the
   ________ _________.

Answer 2

1. Loose connective tissue, arteries, lymphatics, veins

2. Ovarian follicles, tunica albuginea, germinal epithelium.

Question 3

1. Define oogenesis

2. Define folliculogenesis

Answer 3

1. Development of oocytes from oogonia

2. The growth of the follicle: oocytes and support cells

Question 4

1. Primary follicle is defined by the ________ _______ cells which make up the ______ __________.
2. The _____ _______ secretes _________ _________ which is converted to oestrogen by the ________ cells.
3. What are the largest antral follicles known as?

Answer 4

1. cuboidal granulosa cells, zona granulosa
2. Theca interna, oestrogen precursors, granulosa
3. Graafian follicles

Question 5

A secondary oocyte stops meiosis at _______ ___. It only completes meiosis following _________ and _________ by a sperm cell.

Answer 5

Metaphase II, ovulation, fertilisation

Question 6

After ovulation the follicle becomes a ______ _______, secreting ________ and _________ which prepares the uterus for implantation. If implantation does not occur the tissue becomes the ______ _______. If implantation occurs the placenta secretes ____ which maintains _______ levels and prevents degeneration of the ________ _______.

Answer 6

Corpus luteum, oestrogen, progesterone, corpus albicans, HCG, progesterone, corpus luteum.

Question 7

Fertilisation usually occurs in the ______. The mucosa is highly _______ and lined by simple columnar epithelium with _____ cells and ________ cells.

Answer 7

ampulla, folded, ciliated, secretory

Question 8

Name the three layers of the uterus

Answer 8

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium.

Question 9

The endometrium is mainly a _______ mucosa with ________ cells and connective tissue. The myometrium has _____ layers of smooth muscle. The perimetrium is an outer layer of ____ _______ ___.

Answer 9

secretory
3 layers
loose connective tissue

Question 10

1. Name the two layers of the endometrium.
2. During the secretory phase what is secreted by the corkscrew glands?
3. What are the three phases called?
4. What happens to cause menstruation?

Answer 10

1. Stratum functionalis (monthly growth/loss), stratum basalis (reserve tissue that regenerates other tissue)
2. Glycogen
3. Menstrual phase, proliferative
   phase, secretory phase.
4. Arterioles in stratum functionalis constrict therefore tissue breaks down and dies.

Question 11

1. What does the cervix consist of?

2. Describe the variation in cervical gland secretion.

Answer 11

1. Fibrous connective tissue and stratified squamous epithelium on the vaginal side. The opposite side has endocervical glands
2. The secretion of these
   glands varies from thin and
   watery in the proliferative
   phase (allowing the passage
   of sperm) to thick and
   viscous following ovulation
   (preventing the passage of
   sperm, or microorganisms).

Question 12

1. Identify the four layers of the vaginal walls.
2. What lubricates the vaginal walls?
3. Commensal bacteria metabolise the _______ to ____ _____. This provides protection from pathogenic bacteria.

Answer 12

1. Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, fibromuscular layer, adventitia
2. secretions from the blood vessels of the lamina propria and from the cervical glands.
3. Glycogen, lactic acid

Question 13

1. What is the Mons Pubis?

Answer 13

1. Skin that contains hair follicles in the female pubic region