Histo Semenalysis Flashcards
Purpose of Semenalysis (4)
o Evaluate Infertility
o Follow up after a vasectomy
o Evaluation of semen quality for donation purposes
o Forensic applications
- DNA analysis
- Detection of semen
Composition of Semen
Gland/Site
Testis/Epididymis
Component
Spermatozoa
5%
Composition of Semen
Gland/Site
Seminal Vesicle
Component
Seminal fluid
60-70%
Composition of Semen
Gland/Site
Prostate
Component
Prostate fluid
20-30%
Composition of Semen
Gland/Site
Bulbourethral glands
Component
Mucus
<5%
Specimen Collection (4)
Sexual abstinence
Warm sterile glass or plastic containers
Collected in a room provided by the laboratory
Collected through masturbation
Specimen Collection
Sexual abstinence: days?
2-7 days
Specimen Collection
Collected in a room provided by the laboratory
-if taken outside the laboratory keep at __________________________ and delivered within _________ of collection
room temperature
1 hour
Specimen Collection
Collected through masturbation
-if not possible, only _____________________________________ or ____________________ should be used
non-lubricant-containing rubber
polyurethane condoms
Specimen Collection
Labelling (6)
o Patient details (Name Age)
o Period of sexual abstinence
o Completeness of the sample
o Difficulties with collection
o Time of specimen collection
o Time of specimen receipt
Specimens awaiting analysis should be kept at ______
37C
Physical examination of semen (4)
o Appearance
o Volume
o Liquefaction time
o Viscosity
Physical examination of semen
Appearance
o Grey to white color
o Translucent
o Musty odor
Physical examination of semen
Volume
2-5 mL
Physical examination of semen
Liquefaction time
30-60 mins after collection
Physical examination of semen
Liquefaction time
-To induce liquefaction: (3)
o Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline
o Alpha chymotrypsin
o Bromelain
Physical examination of semen
Viscosity
o Consistency of the fluid
o Should be easily drawn into pipette
o Form small discrete droplets that do not appear clumped or stringy
o Rating:
0 - watery (pours in droplets)
4 - gel like ( Pours in strings/threads)
Chemical examination
pH
o Reagents
o pH of 7.2-8.0 (Normal)
Microscopic examination
Sperm concentration = ?
Normal: _____________________
Borderline: ________________________
= no. of sperm/ unit volume
> 20-250 million sperm per mL
10-20 million per mL
Microscopic examination
Total sperm count = ?
-sperm counts greater than ___________________ per ejaculate are considered normal
= sperm conc. (x) semen volume
40 million
For sperm counting
We use
Neubaurer hemocytometer
o Four corner and center squares of the large center square
______________ - Immobilize and preserve the cells
______________ Stain can be added to the diluting fluid
Counts are performed using either __________ or ____________
1:20 dilution with sodium bicarbonate and formalin
Crystal Violet
phase, bright-field microscopy
Motility of Sperm
Grade - 4.0
WHO Criteria: A
Sperm motility action - ?
Rapid, straight line motility
Motility of Sperm
Grade - 3.0
WHO Criteria: B
Sperm motility action - ?
Slower speed, some lateral movement
Motility of Sperm
Grade - 2.0
WHO Criteria: B
Sperm motility action - ?
Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement
Motility of Sperm
Grade - 1.0
WHO Criteria: C
Sperm motility action - ?
No forward progression
Motility of Sperm
Grade - 0
WHO Criteria: D
Sperm motility action - ?
No movement
Alternative sperm motility grading
Progressive motility (PM)
Sperm moving linearly or in a large circle
Alternative sperm motility grading
Non- Progressive motility (NP)
Sperm moving with an absence of progression
Alternative sperm motility grading
Immotility (IM)
No movement
Sperm morphology
Oval shaped head - 5 um long, 3um wide
Long flagellar tail - 45 um long
Sperm morphology
Count at least 200 sperm
_____ normal forms (strict criteria)
_____ normal forms (routine criteria)
> 14%
30%
Sperm morphology
Types(10)
Normal
Double head
Giant head
Amorphous head
Pinhead
Tapered head
Constricted head
Double tail
Coiled tail
Spermatid
