Histo lec immune system Flashcards
Provides defense against infectious agents
Consists of Leukocytes
Immune System
2 Lines of Defense
o Innate Immunity
o Adaptive Immunity
What line of defense
o Immediate, non-specific actions
o Physical and Chem. barriers
- Skin, mucous membranes
-Lysozymes, HCl
o Leukocytes (neutro, mono, eosino, baso only), NK (Natural killer) cells
Innate Immunity
What line of defense
o More specific but slow to respond
o B and T lymphocytes
o Produce memory lymphocytes
o Acquired gradually by exposure to microorganisms
o Has specificity and memory
Adaptive Immunity
o Chem messengers
o Innate and Adaptive Immunity
o Paracrine mode of action
o Coordinate Cell activities
Cytokines
Molecule recognized by cells of the adaptive immune system
Antigens
o Interacts specifically w/ an antigen
o Secreted by plasma cells (B lymphocytes)
o Called as immunoglobulin
Antibodies
What are the 5 Immunoglobulins
o IgG
o IgM
o IgA
o IgD
o IgE
Monomer Immunoglobulins (3)
o IgG
o IgD
o IgE
What immunoglobulin type
o Monomer
o 75-85%
o Fetal circulation in pregnant women
o Activates phagocytosis, neutralizes antigens
IgG
What immunoglobulin type
o Pentamer, largest immunoglobulin
o 5-10%
o B Lymphocytes surface as a monomer
o First antibody produced in initial immune response
IgM
What immunoglobulin type
o Dimer, w/ J chain and secretory component
o 10-15%
o Secretions (Saliva, milk, tears, etc)
o Protect mucosae
IgA
What immunoglobulin type
o Monomer
o 0.001%
o Surface of B lymphocytes
o Antigen receptor triggering initial B cell activation
IgD
What immunoglobulin type
o Monomer
o 0.002%
o Bound to surface of mast cells and basophils
o Destroys parasitic worms and participates in allergies
IgE
Antigen Presentation
o Bound to __________________ on all cell membranes
o The abundant antigen-presenting proteins are part of the _________________________________
-Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA)
- Recognized by ______________
Protein complexes
Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)
T lymphocytes
T cell types (4)
o Helper T cells
o Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
o Regulatory T cells
o Y and T lymphocytes
Main T cells (2)
o Helper T cells
o Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
What T cell type
o CD4
o Activate B cell
o B cell into plasma cells
o Plasma cells produce antibodies
Helper T cells
What T cell type
o CD8
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
What Cytokine
Growth and Differentiation factors for leukocyte progenitor cells in bone marrow
GM-CSF, M-CSF
What Cytokine
Stimulation of inflammation and fever
TNF-a, TGF-B, IL-1
What Cytokine
Stimulation of growth in T lymphocytes and NK cells
IL-12
What Cytokine
Growth factors for T helper cells and B lymphocytes
IL-2, IL-4
What Cytokine
Eosinophil proliferation, differentiation, and activation
IL-5
What Cytokine
Activation of macrophages
Interferon-y, IL-4
What Cytokine
Inhibition of macrophages and specific adaptive immune responses
IL-10
What Cytokine
Antiviral activity
Interferon-a, Interferon-B
What Cytokine
Chemokine for neutrophils and T lymphocytes
IL-8
What Percentage of B and T lymphocytes
Thymus
100 T 0 B
What Percentage of B and T lymphocytes
Bone marrow
10 T 90 B
What Percentage of B and T lymphocytes
Spleen
45 T 55 B
What Percentage of B and T lymphocytes
Lymph noodes
60 T 40 B
What Percentage of B and T lymphocytes
Blood
70 T 30 B
