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Histopathology PostLab1-3 > histo postlab 2 (side notes) > Flashcards

histo postlab 2 (side notes) Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Unit of Life

A

Cell

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2
Q

Permits the organization of cells into more complex tissues and organs

A

Cellular Diversity

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3
Q

This rule suggests that there is only ONE NUCLEUS in one cell except for the RBC and PLATELETS

A

One General Rule

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4
Q

RBC and Platelets are

A

Non-Nucleated

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5
Q

Multi nucleated cell, has one more than 2 nucleus

A

Muscle Cell

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6
Q

Comes into Variety of shapes and sizes

A

Cells

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7
Q

Eukaryotic Genetic Instructions are housed in the __________ and it is carried by the ____________

A

Nucleus
Ribosomes

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8
Q

Involved in sexual reproduction

A

Sex Cells

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9
Q

Densely packed DNA

A

Chromosomes

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10
Q

Contains thousands of HEREDITARY UNITS which we call GENES

A

Chromosomes

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11
Q

Spherical/Oval shaped structure, which is usually the most PROMINENT FEATURE OF A CELL

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

Double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

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13
Q

The cell’s HEREDITARY UNITS that controls the activities and structure of the cell

A

Genes

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14
Q

Long molecules of the DNA that is combined with PROTEIN MOLECULES with HISTONE

A

Chromosome

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15
Q

Protein that can be found in the CHROMOSOMES

A

Histone

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16
Q

INHERITED characteristics of the cell

A

Traits

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17
Q

2 Types of Expression of Hereditary Traits

A

Phenotype
Genotype

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18
Q

Physically Observable trait

A

Phenotype

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19
Q

Consists of cylinder with MICROTUBULES arranged peripherally in a circle

A

Centrosome

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19
Q

Non-observable trait

A

Genotype

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20
Q

Duplicates itself, coils up to chromosomes. Once it COILS UP, it produces Chromosomes

A

Chromatin

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21
Q

Center of Chromosome

A

Centromere

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22
Q

Arrangement of molecules within the membrane that resembles a SEA OF LIPIDS

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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23
Q

In the fluid mosaic model, the LIPIDS acts as a

A

Barrier

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24
Q

In the fluid mosaic model, the PROTEINS acts as

A

Gatekeepers

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25
Q

Has a head and tail

A

Phospholipids

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26
Q

Head

A

Hydrophilic

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27
Q

Tail

A

Hydrophobic

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28
Q

Contains all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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29
Q

Marker of Cytosol

A

LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase)

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30
Q

Cytosol is mostly composed of

A

Water

31
Q

Primary source of Energy

A

Carbohydrates (CHO)

32
Q

Carbohydrates is stored in the form of

A

Glycogen/Starch

33
Q

1g of energy is equal to

A

4 calories

34
Q

Serves as HEAT INSULATOR

A

Fats/Lipids

35
Q

Fats/Lipids is stored in the form

A

Triglyceride

36
Q

4 electrolytes that controls the activity of water

A

Na, Cl, K, PO4

37
Q

Water is in the INTEGRAL PART of the cell

A

Fixed

38
Q

Water FREELY passes from one cell to another

A

Free

39
Q

3 Types of Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate Filaments

40
Q

Provides structural support to the cells

A

Cytoskeleton

41
Q

Often used by the cells to HOLD THEIR SHAPES

A

Microtubules

42
Q

Major component of the cilia and flagella

A

Microtubules

43
Q

1/3 of the size of the microtubule and it helps to change or maintain its shape

A

Microfilament

44
Q

% of Protein

A

40%

45
Q

% of RNA

A

60%

46
Q

Produces new proteins

A

Polypeptide Chains

47
Q

Manufactures, process, and transport the proteins for export from the cell

A

RER

48
Q

Has similar appearance to the RER, but it HAS NO RIBOSOMES

A

SER

49
Q

For IC defense mechanism

A

Lysosome

50
Q

DIGESTS the substance ingested by phagocytosis and gives the distraction of the microorganisms and old cells

A

Lysosomes

51
Q

Lysosomes contains what Digestive Enzyme?

A

Proteolytic Enzyme

52
Q

Proteolytic Enzyme is a type of what enzyme

A

Hydrolytic Enzyme

53
Q

Have not yet engaged in any digestive activity (Lysosome)

A

Primary

54
Q

Newly formed lysosomes that haven’t yet encountered any material to digest

A

Primary

55
Q

Membrane bound organelle that plays a significant role in the BREAKDOWN OF VERY LONG FATTY ACIDS

A

Peroxisomes

56
Q

Process of Peroxisome in the breakdown of very long fatty acids

A

Beta Oxidation

57
Q

Peroxisome contains what type of enzyme that breaks down the H2O2 into H2O and O2

A

Catalase

58
Q

Found in ALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS

A

Mitochondria

59
Q

Bean shaped organelle that have a DOUBLE MEMBRANE with INNER FOLDS enclosing the important METABOLIC ENZYMES

A

Mitochondria

60
Q

Outer membrane of the Mitochondrion

A

Outer layer

61
Q

2 parts of the INNER FOLDS of the Mitochondrion

A

Cristae
Matrix

62
Q

Series of folds

A

Cristae

63
Q

Large central fluid-filled cavity inside the mitochondria

A

Matrix

64
Q

Serves as energy that reserves and also play the role in INSULATION and PROTECTION in certain tissues

A

Fat Droplets

65
Q

Cell for fat storage

A

Adipocyte

66
Q

The ONLY ORGANELLE that CONTAINS THE DNA

A

Mitochondrion

67
Q

Example of mitochondrion that is found in the RBC, which is responsible for the RED COLOR IN THE BLOOD

A

Hemoglobin

68
Q

Yellow and Green pigments respectively, which is often associated with the breakdown of hemoglobin and it is FOUND IN LIVER CELL

A

Bilirubin and Biliverdin

69
Q

Bilirubin and Biliverdin is found in what cell

A

Liver Cell

70
Q

Colored compounds that cells might produce or ingest

A

Pigments

71
Q

Pigment of the skin, which provides the color of the SKIN, EYES, HAIR

A

Melanin

72
Q

Skin cell

A

Melanocyte

73
Q

Cells require for SURVIVAL

A

Mitochondrion

74
Q

Energy produced by the mitochondria

A

Mitochondrion

Histopathology PostLab1-3 (5 decks)

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