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HSF Block 3 > Histo - GI 2 > Flashcards

Histo - GI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Small Intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum
    • Brunner’s glands - alkaline mucous
      • neutralize acid from stomach
    • Little Paneth cells
  2. Jejunum
    • Lots Plicae Circulares
    • Lots Paneth cells
    • No Brunner’s & No Peyer’s Patches
  3. Ileum
    • Peyer’s Patches
    • Smaller plicae than jejunum
    • Paneth cells
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2
Q

What is this?

A

Pyloric‐Duodenal Junction

Pyloric Stomach

  • Simple columnar
  • Mucous secreting cells (+APUD cells)
  • Pits & Glands
    • invaginations ONLY

Duodenum

  • Simple columnar
  • Enterocytes w/ a striated border
    • No mucous
  • Goblet cells (+APUD cells)
  • Villi & Crypts
    • envaginations & invaginations
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3
Q

What are the 6 major characteristics of the Small Intestine?

A
  1. Simple columnar epithelium
    • w/ striated border
  2. Villi w/ core of lamina propria
    • lacteals in LP
    • evaginations
  3. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
    • invaginations
  4. Goblet cells
    • increase toward Large Intestine
  5. Stem Cells
    • base of crypt
  6. Submucosal folds = plicae circulares
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4
Q

What is the organization of the Villi structures?

A
  1. Microvasculature
    • artery & vein in villi
  2. Lymphatics
    • connected to the myentreric plexus
    • lymphoid nodules in the MM & SM
  3. Smooth muscle
    • connected to SM plexus
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5
Q

What is this?

What are the 6 Cells of the Epithelium?

A

Epithelium in the Small Intestine

  1. Enterocytes
    • Absorptive (microvilli & glycocalyx)
  2. Goblet cells
    • Unicellular exocrine glands
    • Secrete mucous
  3. Paneth cells
    • Base of crypts (but NOT stem cells)
    • eosinophilic granules
  4. Microfolds (M) cells
    • Ag presenting cells in Peyer’s Patches
  5. APUD cells
    • unicellular endocrine glands
  6. Stem cells
    • base of crypts
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6
Q

What is this?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Basics:

  • Invaginations of epithelium
  • Short, tubular glands (Intestinal glands or crypts)
    • have paneth cells

Function:

  • Paneth cells = innate immunity fxn
    • secrete:
      • lysozymes
      • phospholipase A2
      • defensins
    • disrupts bacteria membranes & cell wall
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7
Q

What is this?

A

Paneth Cells ‐ Secretions

Function:

  • Innate immunity
    • disrupts bacterial membranes/cell walls
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8
Q

What are the 4 ways we increase SA of the Small Intestine?

A
  1. Plicae circulares
    • submucosal folds
  2. Villi
    • projections from the surface
    • lamina propria core
      • w/ some smooth muscles
  3. Glands
    • invaginations from the surface
  4. Microvilli
    • projections from the surface of enterocytes
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9
Q

What are the 5 steps of Small Intestine Lipid Absorption?

A

Small Intestine Lipid Absorption

  1. Lipids emulsified by bile salts
  2. Enter enterocytes
  3. Formed into chylomicrons
  4. Leave the basolateral surface
  5. Taken up by lacteal
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10
Q

What is this?

A

Lacteal

Basics:

  • Lymph vessel
    • Located in Lamina Propria
  • Simple columnar

Function:

  • Take up chylomicrons
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11
Q

What is this?

A

Duodenum

Basics:

  • Brunner’s glands
    • Alkaline mucous
    • Located in Submucosa, but can be in LP
  • Few Paneth cells

Function:

  • Neutralize acid from stomach
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12
Q

What is this?

A

Villus - Duodenum

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13
Q

What is this?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn - Duodenum

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14
Q

What is this?

A

Jejunum

Basics:

  • Large plicae
  • Lots of Paneth cells

Function:

  • Absorption
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15
Q

What is this?

A

Ileum

Basics:

  • Shorter plicae than jejunum
  • Peyer’s Patches
    • M cells

Function:

  • Immunity
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16
Q

What is this?

A

Ileum – Plica Circularis

17
Q

What is this?

A

Ileum – Peyer’s Patches

Basics:

  • Cluster of lymphoid nodules
  • Location: submucosa & LP
  • Antimesenteric wall of ileum
    • no all the way around (“Patches”)
      • only Appendix has it all the way around

Function:

  • Covered by M cells (microfold cells)
    • Ag-presenting cells

Note:

  • NO villi & NO absorptive cells
18
Q

What are the 2 Nerve Plexi in Small Intestine?

A
  1. Meissner’s Plexus (Submucosa) - LEFT
    • dense irregular CT
    • large neurons
  2. Auerbach’s Plexus (Muscularis Externa) - RIGHT
    • smooth muscle
    • nerves
19
Q

What are the characteristics of the Large Intestine?

A

Basics:

  • Ileocecal valve –> cecum –> appendix –> ascending/transverse/sigmoid colon –> Rectum (Pectinate Line)

Internal Structures:

  • Simple columnar epithelium
    • lots of Goblet Cells
    • little enterocytess
  • Invaginations ONLY
    • NO villi
  • Crypts of Lieberkuhn
  • Shallow plicae

Other Characteristics:

  • Haustra = sacs
  • Serosa continuous w/ mesenteries
    • Appendices epiploicae / omental appendices
      • pockets of fat suspended from serosa
  • Distally has longitudinal folds
    • aka: anal columns (of Morgagni)
      • base = defines pectinate line
      • in btw = anal sinuses
  • Internal & external sphincter
20
Q

What is the importance of the Muscularis Externa in the Colon?

A

Basics:

  • Has 2 layers
  • Outer longitudinal layer has Teniae Coli
    • 3 bundles of muscle in this layer

Function:

  • Teniae coli
    • contract to produce haustra (sacs)
21
Q

What is this?

A

Colon

Basics:

  • Cells of epithelium
    • absorptive cells = colonocytes
    • goblet cells = lots
    • APUD
    • stem cells = base of crypts
22
Q

What is this?

A

Colon Mucosa

23
Q

What is this?

A

Colon Mucosa

24
Q

What is this?

A

Appendix

Basics:

  • Diverticulum of the cecum
  • Has:
    1. colonocytes
    2. goblet cells
    3. crypts
  • Lots of lymphoid nodules

Function:

  • residual structure
  • immune fxn
25
Q

What is this?

A

Recto‐anal junction

  • SSNK epitheloum
  • Simple columnar w/ brush border
  • Goblet cells

HSF Block 3 (7 decks)

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