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Histology Fall 2014 > Histo Exam 2-Blood & lymph vessels study guide > Flashcards

Histo Exam 2-Blood & lymph vessels study guide Flashcards

1
Q

What classifies a macrovasculature?

A

> 0.1mm in diameter

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2
Q

What are examples of macrovessels?

A

elastic and muscular arteries, large arterioles and veins

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3
Q

What classifies a microvessel?

A

<0.1mm in diameter

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4
Q

What are examples of microvessels?

A

arterioles, capillaries, and post-capillary venules

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5
Q

What is the order of blood flow in the heart?

A

heart>aorta>arteries>aterioles>capillaries>venules>veins>vena cava

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6
Q

How are blood vessels organized?

A

according to type and size

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7
Q

what is the purpose of smooth muscle in arteries?

A

it’s important in maintaining high hydrostatic pressure

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8
Q

Why is there little to no smooth muscle in veins?

A

due to lower pressure in venules

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9
Q

What does smooth muscle do in association with capillary beds?

A

regulates how much blood can be in capillary beds

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10
Q

What are the basic layers of the vascular wall?

A

Intima, Media, Adventitia

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11
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

single layer of simple squamous epithelia called endothelium.plus a basal lamina and subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue

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12
Q

What is another layer that might be found in the Tunica intima?

A

internal elastic lamina beneath the subendothelium

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13
Q

What types of vessels would this internal elastic lamina be found?

A

most prominent in muscular arteries

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14
Q

What is the tunical media?

A

concentric layer of smooth muscle fibers with interspersed elastic fibers and type 3 collagen

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15
Q

What is found in the tunica media of arteries?

A

external elastic lamina

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16
Q

What is the tunica adevenitia?

A

fibroblasts, type 1 collagen, and elastic fibers oriented along the longitudinal axes

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17
Q

What do arteries do?

A

transport blood away from the heart

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18
Q

What are the two types of arteries?

A

elastic and muscular

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19
Q

What are examples o elastic arteries?

A

aorta and its branches

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of elastic arteries?

A

very thick high walls with high elasticity

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21
Q

What is the purpose of elasticiy in elastic arteries?

A

elasticity helps stabilize and maintain blood flow during systole and diastole

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22
Q

What are weibel-palade bodies?

A

rodlike inclusions within the tightly packed endothelial cells specific for elastic fiber

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23
Q

What does the media of elastic arteries consist of?

A

mostly elastic fibers and concentrically arranged fenestrated elastic lamellae

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24
Q

What happens to the fibers of media in elastic arteries with age?

A

increase with age

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25
Q

What are the multiple layers of tunical media in elastic arteries?

A

multiple layers of concentrically arranged smooth muscle fibers and vasa vasorum

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26
Q

What is a vasa vasorum?

A

small vessesl within the wall of larger vessels

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27
Q

What is adventitia like in elastic arteries?

A

thin and underdeveloped with mainly fibrocytes, type 1 collagen, elastic fibers, and some vasa vasorum

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28
Q

What do the Weibel-Palade bodies do?

A

contain secretory granules used for post-synthesis storage of endothelial proteins involved in hemostasis and inflammation

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29
Q

What do WPBs contain?

A

P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor

30
Q

What is the purpose of P-selectin?

A

recruits circulating leukocytes to site of injury

31
Q

What is he purpose of von Willebrand Factor?

A

plays a major role in blood coagulation

32
Q

What is the purpose of vasa vasorum?

A

supply the thick vessel layers with oxygen and nutrients

33
Q

What are nervi vasorum?

A

small unmyelinated sympathetic nerve fibers that stimulate vasoconstriction through release of norepinephrine

34
Q

What are muscular arteries?

A

Distributing branches of elastic arteries

35
Q

What is the purpose of muscular arteries?

A

control blood flow to organs by contracting and relaxing smooth muscle within the tunica media

36
Q

What is the tunica intima in muscular arteries like?

A

prominent internal elastic lamina that sometimes appears undulated/wavy

37
Q

What is the tunica media like in muscular arteries?

A

contains up to 40 concentric layers of smooth muscle fibers enveloped by their own basal lamina, type III collagen and may have outer external elastic lamina

38
Q

What is the tunica adventicia like in muscular arteries?

A

thin consisting of loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers, fibrocytes and nerves

39
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

abnormal widening of a portion of an artery due to weakness within the vessel wall

40
Q

What are common locations for aneurysms?

A

aorta, popliteal, mesenteric spenic and cerebral arteries

41
Q

What are characteristics of an arteriole?

A

endothelium with flat to rounded nuclei and thin subendothelium

42
Q

What are the tunics like in arterioles?

A

generally only 1-2 smooth muscle layers thick, no internal or external laminal and sparse adventitia

43
Q

What are capillaries composed of?

A

single layer of endothelial cells rolled into a tube and pericytes

44
Q

What are pericyts?

A

specialized contractile cells with rounder nuclei that can differentiate into smooth muscle cells in arterioles and venules

45
Q

What is the purpose of capillaries?

A

allow for exchange of molecules between blood and tissues

46
Q

What portion of blood vessels do capillaries comprise?

A

90%

47
Q

What are continuous capillaries?

A

smooth, continuous endothelium with no gaps or pores

48
Q

How are these continuous capillary cells connected?

A

through tight occluding junctions with a continuous basal lamina

49
Q

How do continuous capillaries transport molecules?

A

Only through transcytosis or diffusion across endothelial cell membranes

50
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

muscle, brain, peripheral nerves, exocrine glands

51
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries?

A

endothelial cells held together by tight junctions but have perforated pores with a continuous external basal lamina

52
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands

53
Q

What are discontinuous capillaries?

A

gaps between endothelial cells that are large enough to allow cells to pass through

54
Q

Sinusoidal capillaries have_____ fenestrations with _________basal lamina.

A

large, discontinuous

55
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

liver, spleen, some endocrine glands, bone marrow

56
Q

What are postcapillary venules?

A

resemble large capillaries, lumens are much larger than capillaries or arterioles

57
Q

What are the puprose of postcapillary venules?

A

sites at which white blood cells leave circulation and move into tissues

58
Q

What is the purpose of venules?

A

allow for gradual transition from capillary to venule

59
Q

What are characteristics of arterioles?

A

large lumen diameter with very thin wall

60
Q

Where do you find veins in relation to arteries?

A

usually travel near arteries and are sometimes parallel

61
Q

How do veins differ from arteries?

A

lumen is less spherical and more irrgularly shaped appear collapsed

62
Q

What is the reason for the difference in veins vs arteries?

A

lower blood pressure in veins

63
Q

How are veins classified?

A

small, medium, and large depending on their diameter

64
Q

What are the three tunics in veins?

A

same as arteries just not well defined

65
Q

What do the valves in veins consist of?

A

consist of fibroelastic connective tissue covered on both sides by endothelium

66
Q

What is the purpose of vein valves?

A

prevent backflow of blood due to low pressure

67
Q

Why are valves more prominent in large veins?

A

wider and under the least amount of pressure

68
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

weakness in the media caused by increased intraluminal pressure or a defect in the structure or function of a valve

69
Q

Where are varicose veins typically found?

A

hemorrhoids, esophageal varices and spermatic cord

70
Q

What is the purpose of lymphatic vessels?

A

transport lymph which flows in one direction toward the heart

71
Q

What do lymph capillaries consits of?

A

a single layer of endothelium and a thin incomplete basal lamina

72
Q

How do lymphatic vessels resemble veins?

A

thin intima, thin medial layer mostly longitudinal smooth muscle fibers, thin adventitia and contain valves

Histology Fall 2014 (4 decks)

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