Histo clinical correlations

Question 1

Frozen section

Answer 1

-done when tissue needs to be evaluated immediately: surgeon doesn’t have preoperative diagnosis, unexpected findings, or to see if all disease tissue has been cleared, takes a little as ten minutes

Question 2

3 steps of frozen section

Answer 2

-freezing the tissue sample: compressed CO2 or immersion in -50C fluid (isopentane); freezing makes tissue solid to be sectioned with microtome -sectioning frozen tissue: performed in cryostat, refrigerated compartment with microtome, frozen tissue can be sectioned into extremely thins slices (5 to 10 microm) sections are mounted -staining sections: staining is done to differentiate cell nuclei from the rest of tissue, most common H&E, methylene blue, PAS

Question 3

identify technique and staining

Answer 3

left: frozen section (blurrier) methylene blue
right: fixed with formalin (standard light microscopy tissue prep), H&E

Question 4

Gaucher disease

Answer 4

lysosomal storage disease (LSD) where the protein glucocerebrosidase is deficeint and glucosylceramide accumulates

Question 5

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 5

LSD, deficient: Beta-hexosaminidase, alpha subunit, accumulated product: GM2 ganglioside

Question 6

hurler syndrome

Answer 6

LSD, deficiency: alpha-L-iduronidase, accumulated: dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate

Question 7

hunter syndrome

Answer 7

LSD, deficient: L-iduronidate sulfatase, accumulates: dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate

Question 8

Pompe disease (glycogenosis II)

Answer 8

LSD, deficiency: alpha-1,4-glucosidase, glycogen

Question 9

whats happening

Answer 9

duplication of centrioles