histo Flashcards
what are ependymal cells
ciliated columnar/cuboidal cells that move CSF around and are found in the ventricular system
what are choroid plexus cells
they are specialized cilated columnar/cuboidal ependymal cells with vasculature and pia mater in the ventricles.
job of CP cells
filter water from the blood and filter as CSF.
no proteins or glucose and only SPARSE lymphocytes (only cells). bound by tight junctions to make BBB
oligodendrocytes are derived from
neuroectoderm
schwann cells are derived from?
what do they cover
NCC
cover only a small area of a single axon in the PNS
how to diff sacral SCC on histo
grey matter is more buttershaped (way more
layers of CEREBELLAR CTX
- Molecular cell layer (outermost white part: neurophils and scattered neuron CB)
- Purkinje cell layre (must stain special to see)
- Granular cell layer (intense purple dots: less neurophils but many densely packed neurons)
film above CEREBELLAR CTX layer is
pia mater
Where does the central canal of the SC lie and what kind of cells line it?
Central canal lies in the central commissure of grey matter – Lined by ependymal cells and contains CSF
older cortex was organized how
into three layers called archicortex
What cells are in the neocortex
- Pyramidal cells
- Granule (stellate) cells- small neurons with a CB that looks like a star
- Cells of martinotti- small polygonal cells with short, few dendrites
- Fusiform cells- spindle-shaped cells oriented at right angles to the surface of the cerebral cortex
- Horizontal cells of cajal- small & spindle-shaped but oriented parallel to the surface (least common)
- Supporting glia (astrocytes, OG, and microglia)
layers of ctx
- Plexiform layer (or molecular layer)
- Small pyramidal cell layer (or outer granular layer)
- Layer of medium pyramidal cells (or layer of outer pyramidal cells
- Granular layer (or inner granular layer)
- Large pyramidal cell layer (or inner layer of pyramidal cells)
- Polymorphic layer
last 3 layers: describe
- Granular layer (or inner granular layer): many small granule cells
- Large pyramidal cell layer (or inner layer of pyramidal cells) contains REAL large pyramidal cells (Betz cells) in motor areas
- Polymorphic layer contains cells with diverse shapes, many are fusiform cells
describe first 3 layers
I. Plexiform layer (or molecular layer) consists largely of fibers parallel to the surface. Mostly neuroglial cells & horizontal cells of Cajal
- Small pyramidal cell layer (or outer granular layer) consists mainly of small pyramidal cells & granule cells
- Layer of medium pyramidal cells (or layer of outer pyramidal cells) pyramidal cells are somewhat larger and more shaped lk a pyramid; not sharply differented
whatare betz cells and and what layer are they in
layer 5: important cells that relay commans
what 2 things function in the limbic system
hippocamppus
dendate gyrus
where do the hippocampus and dendate gyrus meet
hilus
fx of hippocampus and dendate grys?
learning
memory
social interaction
The hippocampus & dentate gyrus are morphologically is considered __________, meaning that they are made up of …
ARCHICORTEX
MADE UP OF 3 LAYERS INSTEAD OF 6
What are the layers of the hippocampus?
- Polymorphic layer: nerve fibers and small CB of interneurons
- Middle pyramidal cell layer: pyramidal cells
- Molecular layer: dendrites of pyramidal cells
What are the layers of the dendate gyrus?
- Polymorphic layer: nerve fibers (known as “mossy fibers”) & cell bodies of interneurons
- Middle granule cell layer: round, neuronal cell bodies of granule cells
- Molecular layer containing dendrites of the granule cells
diff between hippocampus and dendate gyrus
hipppocampus has pyramidal cells
dendate gyrus has granule cells
_______ in the hilus are known as mossy cells
multipolar neurons
Multipolar neurons in hilus area are known as “mossy cells”. What do they do?
Primarily receive input from mossy fibers of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus
- Describe the histological changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
- gyri in the frontal and temporal lobes thin
- Amyloid plaques- pink masses in CTX
- Neurofibrillary tangles- flamed shaped formed by accum. of tau
