Histo

Question 1

Tarsal Glands (Meibomian)

Answer 1

secretion retards evaporation of tears

*blockage leads to chalazion

Question 2

Sebaceous Gland of Eyelashes (Zeis)

Answer 2

infected –> stye

Question 3

Lacrimal Gland

Answer 3

tear production

Question 4

What is the epithelium on the outside of the lens? inside?

Answer 4

1. Stratified squamous - keratinized

2. Stratified columnar

Question 5

Palpebral and Bulbar Conjunctiva

Answer 5

thin mucous membrane lining space b/t inner eyelid and ends just lateral to cornea

*stratified columnar with goblet cells

Question 6

What are the three layers of the eye?

Answer 6

1. Corneoscleral
2. Vascular Coat
3. Retina

Question 7

What is the chief refractive element of the eye?

Answer 7

the cornea

Question 8

What are the five cornea layers?

Answer 8

1. Corneal Epithelium - NKSS
2. Bowman’s membrane
3. Corneal Stroma - avascular
4. Descemet’s membrane
5. Corneal Endothelium - simple squamous

Question 9

Where do we find stem cells for the cornea?

Answer 9

limbus region

Question 10

What does the vascular coat consist of?

Answer 10

1. Choroid
2. Ciliary Body - ciliary m. and ciliary processes
3. Iris - dilator and sphincter pupillae

Question 11

Three components of the Lens

Answer 11

1. Capsule
2. Subcapsular Lens Epithelium
3. Lens Fibers

Question 12

What is presbyopia? cataracts?

Answer 12

1. loss of lens elasticity with age

2. loss of transparency of lens or capsule

Question 13

What type of epithelium is retinal pigmented layer?

Answer 13

simple cuboidal

• serves as blood neutral retinal barrier (absorbs stray light)
• phagocytoses membranous discs shed from rods and cones
• isomerizes all trans retinal to 11 cis retinal

Question 14

What are the two things to know about the neural retina?

Answer 14

1. contains photosensor cells

2. has no lymphatics

Question 15

What is the optic disc?

Answer 15

blind spot in retina where optic nerves from ganglion layer exit the eye

Question 16

10 layers of retina

Answer 16

1. REP - not part of neural retina
2. Rod and cone ends of photoreceptor cells
3. Outer limiting membrane
4. Outer nuclear layer
5. Outer plexiform layer
6. Inner nuclear layer
7. Inner plexiform layer
8. Ganglion layer - form optic n.
9. Layer of optic nerve fibers
10. inner limiting membrane

Question 17

What is the fovea centralis?

Answer 17

• highest concentration of cones
• avascular
• surrounded by macula lutea

Question 18

Are there photoreceptors at the optic disc?

Answer 18

no