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Neuro > Eye Development > Flashcards

Eye Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the critical period?

A

week 4-7

but susceptible until birth

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2
Q

What are the three embryo sources of the eye?

A
  1. Neuroectoderm
  2. Surface ectoderm
  3. Mesoderm/NC (mainly NC)
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3
Q

The eye is an extension of what?

A

the brain (diencephalon)

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4
Q

The structure growing out from the brain is called what from the inside, and what form the outside?

A
  1. Optic sulcus
  2. Optic vesicle (forms optic cup)
  • connected to brain via optic stalk
  • optic fissure forms on the bottom (BV runs through)

*whole structure is hollow

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5
Q

What is the optic cup?

A
  • comes from optic vesicle
  • has an outer and inner layer due to invagination
  • intraretinal space forms b/t layers
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6
Q

What gives rise to the Iris and Ciliary Body?

A

rims of optic cup

*Where the outer and inner layers of the optic cup are connected

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7
Q

What structures come neuroectoderm?

A
  1. Iris - epithelium, SMC
  2. Ciliary Body - epithelium
  3. Retina - neural, pigmented
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8
Q

What comes form the inner layer of the optic cup? outer layer?

A
  1. Neural

2. Pigmented

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9
Q

What are the only muscles to come form neuroectoderm?

A

dilator and constrictor pupallae M of the iris

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10
Q

Where does the stroma of the iris come from? ciliary muscle (SMC) of the ciliary body?

A
  1. NC

2. mesenchyme (NC/mesoderm)

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11
Q

How do we get separation of the pigmented and neural retina?

A
  • they should fuse, but some pathologies they don’t (DS, marfains, trauma)
  • get intraretinal space
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12
Q

What is/causes Aniridia?

A
  • lack of iris tissue or complete absence of the iris
  • Pax6 gene mutation
  • Caused by: arrest development at rim of optic cup during 8th week

*associated with glaucoma, cataracts, eye abnormalities

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13
Q

What is the induction of the lens?

A

the optic cup touches the surface ectoderm —> lens placode –invaginates–> lens pit –migrates in and lose attachments with SE–>lens vesicle

*eventually lens will be surrounded by optic cup, and SE re-constitute to give you epi of cornea

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14
Q

Where do the lens and epithelium of the cornea come from?

A

surface ectoderm

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15
Q

What type of epithelium comprises anterior lens? primary? secondary?

A
  1. cuibodal cells
  2. columnar cells (elongate and become transparent)
  3. cuibodal cells

*all come from surface ectoderm

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16
Q

What causes congenital cataracts?

A
  • Genetics
  • Rubella Virus
  • Radiation of mom
  • Enzyme deficiency (congenital galactosemia; galactose from milk accumulates in blood and tissues)

*Lens is opaque; problem with only lens (only hazy in lens)

17
Q

What is the sclera?

A 
outer layer (whites of eyes) that is continuous with the dura and stroma of cornea
-fibrous layer, and forms stroma of cornea
18
Q

What does the stroma come from?

A

NC

19
Q

What is the choroid?

A
  • vascular layer b/t sclera and retina
  • just like pia and arachnoid layers in brain
  • itself is NC, but the BVs inside are mesoderm
20
Q

What is the pupillary membrane?

A
  • transient structure due to eye lids fusing shut; covers the lens
  • part of sclera
21
Q

Where is the anterior chamber between? posterior? vitreous?

A
  1. cornea and iris
  2. iris and lens
  3. lens and back of eye
22
Q

What is congenital glaucoma?

A
  1. Elevated intraocular pressure
  2. Abnormal development of the drainage mans of aqueous humor (scleral venous sinus)
    * NC problem
  3. Causes: genetics (mutations in CYP1B1 gene), Rubella infection

*affects the whole eye (whole eye is hazy)

23
Q

Where do extra-ocular muscles come from?

A

prechordal mesenchyme –> preotic metopes –> muscles

24
Q

What does the Hyaloid A. due?

A
  • branch of ophthalmic a.
  • supplies inner layer of optic up, lens vesicle, mesenchyme in optic cup
  • eventually becomes central retinal a. to supply retina
25
Q

What do choroidal vessels do?

A
  • develop in the choroid + keeps it vascular

- come from ciliary a.s

26
Q

What occurs with persistence of a Hyaloid A?

A
  • distal part persists
  • in most cases eye is microphthalmic
  • if you are born this way, you learn to ignore it
27
Q

What are the two layers of neuroblasts and what do they do?

A
  1. Rods and cones - vision

2 Ganglion cells - form optic n.

28
Q

Optic cup/vesicle/stalk becomes the optic nerve.

A

wrong you idiot

they only provide the template for it

29
Q

How do we get formation of the optic n?

A
  • the fibers of the ganglion cells grow through the inner part of the optic stalk
  • they trap the hyaloid a inside nerve
  • continuous with meningeal layers, and covered by them because it’s continuous with the brain
30
Q

What is papilledema?

A

-increased intracranial pressure

slows venous return from retina, cuaseing fluid accumulation of the optic disc

31
Q

Why does edema occur in papilledema?

A

the retinal vessels are covered by the meninges and lie in the extension of the subarachnoid space

32
Q

What causes coloboma?

A
  1. Optic fissure fails to close completely, leaving a gap in eye structures
  2. Causes: environmental, genetic AD

*only problem is not being able to constrict your pupal as well

Neuro (10 decks)

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