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Histology > Histo 3 reproductive, urinary and skin > Flashcards

Histo 3 reproductive, urinary and skin Flashcards

1
Q

List all layers of epidermis and underline these in which keratinocytes are present

A

Stratum cornium
Stratum lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
(ALL UNDERLINED)

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2
Q

Describe papillary layer of the dermis

A

Loose connective tissue, includes dermal papilla
-dermal papilla are upward extensions of the dermis into the epidermis forming ridges of the fingerprints
-Blood and lymph vessels, nerves

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3
Q

Describe the reticular layer of the dermis

A

Dense connective Tissue, ‘reticulum’ (network) of collagen and reticular fibres, blood vessel, nerves

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4
Q

Compare active vs inactive mammary glands

A

Terminating of milk
Overall volume of mammary gland is substantially lowered
Reduce of secretory muscles
Lobular units consisting of loose CT, adipose cells, lymphocytes plasma cells

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5
Q

Draw a nephron and label details

A

Bowmans capsule and glomerulus = renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle with:
Thick descending limb
Thin descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Think ascending limb
Distal tubule
(NO COLLECTING DUCT)!!!!

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6
Q

List all cells of the JG apparatus and tissues of origin

A

Macula densa cells- monitor the osmoregularity and volume of the fluid in the distal tubule and transmit this info to JG cells via gap junction between two cell types
Location - in the distal tubule (from cuboidal to columnar)

JG cells- synthesise Renin and stores it in secretory granules
Location - In the wall of afferent arteriole (some in efferent arteriole)

Extraglomular Mesangial Cells - function not understood
Location - between afferent and efferent glomerular artioles

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7
Q

What type of epithelium lines each part of male urethra

A

Prostatic - transitional epithelium
Membranous - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium
Cavernosa - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium

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8
Q

Characterise morphology of the cells responsible for blood filtration

A

Podocytes - epithelial cells from the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule. Have a cell body, filtration slit and basal lamina synthesis glomerular endothelial growth factor - facilitates formation and maintenance of the glomerular endothelial cells. Have complex shapes and posses several primary processes that give rise to many secondary processes called pedicels

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9
Q

Characterise the ultrastructure of the cells that produce testosterone

A

Leydig cells:
Found within the testis
Endocrine and interstitial cells
Polyhedral cells
Uninucleate cells with dispersed chromatin
Cytoplasm filled with sER
Contain lipid vacuoles and mitochondrion

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10
Q

Compare histologically proximal and distal parts of ductus epididymis

A

Proximal - 1 single layer of smooth muscle
2 rowed tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Very long microvilli (steriocillia) on surface of epididymal epithelium

Distal- 3 layers of smooth muscle
Shorter 2 rowed pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Function - Accumulation, storage, and maturation of spermatozoa

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11
Q

List all types of male additional reproductive glands

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral (cowpers glands)

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12
Q

List all layers of the uterus and precisely describe the one that lines the lumen

A

Endometrium -tunica mucosa and tunica serosa
- simple columnar epithelium
- Lamina propia (CT + BV + LV and glands
Myometrium (Tunica muscularis)
Perimetrium (Tunica serosa)

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13
Q

Describe arising of corpus luteum

A

After ovulation the ruptured follicle and fills with a blood clot to form the corpus luteum formed by luteinisation (transformation of cells into lutein cells) Built by granulosa lutein cells (pogesterone/oxytocin) and theca lutein cells

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14
Q

List in proper line all ovarian follicles phases

A

Primordial, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Matured (corpus luteum, Corpus albicans)

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15
Q

List in proper line oogenesis and spermatogenesis cells

A

Spermatogenic cells // Oogenic cells
spermatogonia // oogonia
spermatocytes I // primary (oocyte I)
spermatocytes II // secondary (oocyte II)
spermatids
spermatozoa

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16
Q

Draw an ovulated oocyte and a sperm under LIGHT MICROSCOPE and label details

A

Sperm - nucleus, head, tail, end piece
Ovulated oocyte - nucleus, cytoplasm, corona radiata, zona pellucida

17
Q

Characterise the differentiation of keratinocytes

A

Stratum corneum - cells contain thinkened cell envelops, contain no nucleus, embedded in lipid matrix
Stratum granulosum - cells become elonngated, usually 1-2 cell layers thick, accumulatw granules
Stratum spinosum - cells increase in size, increased cytoplasm nucleus ratio, cell layers 4-6 cells thick, no further cell division
Stratum basale- cuboidal to columnar cells,cells within this layer proliferate, all cels attached to the basement membrane, one layer.

18
Q

What is stratum basale and name the cells and functions

A

Deepest layer of epidermis
Single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells sitting on basement membrane, cells are actively mitotic stem cellls
Some newly formed cells become part of more superficial layer
Cells - keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, Langerhans cells

19
Q

List all elements of hair apparatus (or draw)

A

Connective tissue sheath,
wall of hair follicle,
cuticle of hair,
cortex of hair,
medulla of hair.

20
Q

Draw and label renal corpuscle with proximal convoluted tubule
Alt Q -> draw the elements responsible for primary urine production

A

afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmans capsule, proximal convulted tubule

21
Q

List all structure of the wall of urinary bladder

A

Tunica mucosa - transitional epithelium + lamina mascularis
Tunica muscularis - longitudinal / circular
Tunica adventitia
Tunica serosa

22
Q

List the characteristic structures participating in the blood urine barrier

A

Fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries
Basal lamina
Permits passage of H20/ions/ small molecules from bloodstream into capsular space
Filtration slit diaphragm - bridges filtration slits between adjacent pedicels
Prevents passage of large and/or negatively charged proteins, forming ultrafiltrate of blood plasma in the Bowman space

23
Q

What are the parts of the loop of Henle and their epithelium

A

Thick descending limb - simple cuboidal epithelium
Thin descending limb - simple squamous epithelium
Thin ascending limb - simple squamous epithelium
Think descending limb - simple cuboidal epithelium

24
Q

Characterise all parts of male urethra

A

Prostatic - transitional epithelium
fibroelastic vascular CT: mucous secreting glands of littre
Membranous - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium
fibroelastic stroma: a few glands of littre
Cavernosa - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium
Replaced by erectile tissue of corpus spongiosum; many glands of littre

25
Q

Charaterise Leydig and sertoli cells

A

Leydig cells:
Found within the testis
Endocrine and interstitial cells
Polyhedral cells
Uninucleate cells with dispersed chromatin
Cytoplasm filled with sER
Contain lipid vacuoles and mitochondrion
Have receptors for LH and prolactin on the surface

Sertoli cells
Found in wall of seminiferous tubules
support development of male gametes; spermatogenesis
Secrete factors which regulate spermatogenesis
Secrete tubular fluid + ABP (androgen binding protein)
Phagocytosis of discarded spermatid cytoplasm
Secretion of inhibin/ transferrin which regulate hormone production by Leydig cells
Nucleus is oval and located towards the basal lamina
Cytoplasm filled with polysomes sER and rER
Golgi apparatus and vesicles, mitochondria
Well- developed cytoskeleton
Lateral side connected by tight junctions

26
Q

List parts of the male reproductive system and function

A

Testis - spermatogenesis
Epididymis - accumulation, storage and maturation of spermatozoa
Duuts deferens and urethra
-formation of the seminal fluids by glands
- transport of spermatozoa into seminal fluid

27
Q

Characterise semen

A

As a result of ejaculation. Contains:
spermatozoa and other cells
seminal fluid- derived principally from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland

28
Q

What changes do the cell organelles undertake during the spermiogenesis

A

Spermatogonia is transformed into spermatcocytes
Meiosis
Spermatids become spermatozoa

29
Q

List the diploid cells of the seminferous tubules

A

Spermatogenic cells
->spermatogonia
->spermatocytes I
->spermatocytes II

30
Q

List the histological elements located between the seminiferous tubules

A

Basal lamina
Sertoili cells
Spermatogenic cells

31
Q

Which of the cells of the seminiferous tubules are haploid and which are diploid

A

Diplod
spermatogonia
Spermatocytes I
Spermatocytes II

Haploid
Spermatids
spermatozoa

32
Q

List the main procedures taking place during spermiogenesis
Which structures are involved in the process

A

Golgi phase - spermatid
Cap phase
Acrosomal phase - chromatin in nucleus
Maturaction phase - serm head/tail, cytoplasm. Spermatozoa

33
Q

List all layers of the oviduct and precisely describe the one that lines the lumen

A

Tunica mucosa (lines lumen)
-Simple columnar/ pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing ciliated and secretory cells
-Lamina propia
Tunica muscularis
Tunica serosa

34
Q

How does the interstitial glnad of the ovary originate and what role does it play

A

Aggregation of endocrine cells dispersed between CT of stroma - secretes oestrogen

35
Q

List the ovary cells with endocrine activity and name the hormones produced by those cells

A

Follicular epithelial cells: FSH
Adjacent cells to the theca interna:LH
Granulosa lutein cells: progesterone/ oxytocin

36
Q

What stuctures occur in the cumuluc oophorus

A

Oocyte, granulosa cells, corona radiata, polar body

37
Q

How does the corpus luteum arise and how is it built

A

After ovulation the ruptured follicle collapses and fills with a blood clot to form the corpus luteum
Formed by luteinisation(transformatio of cells into lutein cells)
Built by granulosa lutein cells (progesterone / oxytocin) and theca lutein cells

Histology (6 decks)

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