Histo 3 reproductive, urinary and skin Flashcards by Abbie McKnight

List all layers of epidermis and underline these in which keratinocytes are present

Stratum cornium
Stratum lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
(ALL UNDERLINED)

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Describe papillary layer of the dermis

Loose connective tissue, includes dermal papilla
-dermal papilla are upward extensions of the dermis into the epidermis forming ridges of the fingerprints
-Blood and lymph vessels, nerves

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Describe the reticular layer of the dermis

Dense connective Tissue, ‘reticulum’ (network) of collagen and reticular fibres, blood vessel, nerves

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Compare active vs inactive mammary glands

Terminating of milk
Overall volume of mammary gland is substantially lowered
Reduce of secretory muscles
Lobular units consisting of loose CT, adipose cells, lymphocytes plasma cells

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Draw a nephron and label details

Bowmans capsule and glomerulus = renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle with:
Thick descending limb
Thin descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Think ascending limb
Distal tubule
(NO COLLECTING DUCT)!!!!

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List all cells of the JG apparatus and tissues of origin

Macula densa cells- monitor the osmoregularity and volume of the fluid in the distal tubule and transmit this info to JG cells via gap junction between two cell types
Location - in the distal tubule (from cuboidal to columnar)

JG cells- synthesise Renin and stores it in secretory granules
Location - In the wall of afferent arteriole (some in efferent arteriole)

Extraglomular Mesangial Cells - function not understood
Location - between afferent and efferent glomerular artioles

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What type of epithelium lines each part of male urethra

Prostatic - transitional epithelium
Membranous - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium
Cavernosa - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium

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Characterise morphology of the cells responsible for blood filtration

Podocytes - epithelial cells from the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule. Have a cell body, filtration slit and basal lamina synthesis glomerular endothelial growth factor - facilitates formation and maintenance of the glomerular endothelial cells. Have complex shapes and posses several primary processes that give rise to many secondary processes called pedicels

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Characterise the ultrastructure of the cells that produce testosterone

Leydig cells:
Found within the testis
Endocrine and interstitial cells
Polyhedral cells
Uninucleate cells with dispersed chromatin
Cytoplasm filled with sER
Contain lipid vacuoles and mitochondrion

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Compare histologically proximal and distal parts of ductus epididymis

Proximal - 1 single layer of smooth muscle
2 rowed tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Very long microvilli (steriocillia) on surface of epididymal epithelium

Distal- 3 layers of smooth muscle
Shorter 2 rowed pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Function - Accumulation, storage, and maturation of spermatozoa

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List all types of male additional reproductive glands

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral (cowpers glands)

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List all layers of the uterus and precisely describe the one that lines the lumen

Endometrium -tunica mucosa and tunica serosa
- simple columnar epithelium
- Lamina propia (CT + BV + LV and glands
Myometrium (Tunica muscularis)
Perimetrium (Tunica serosa)

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Describe arising of corpus luteum

After ovulation the ruptured follicle and fills with a blood clot to form the corpus luteum formed by luteinisation (transformation of cells into lutein cells) Built by granulosa lutein cells (pogesterone/oxytocin) and theca lutein cells

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List in proper line all ovarian follicles phases

Primordial, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Matured (corpus luteum, Corpus albicans)

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List in proper line oogenesis and spermatogenesis cells

Spermatogenic cells // Oogenic cells
spermatogonia // oogonia
spermatocytes I // primary (oocyte I)
spermatocytes II // secondary (oocyte II)
spermatids
spermatozoa

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Draw an ovulated oocyte and a sperm under LIGHT MICROSCOPE and label details

Sperm - nucleus, head, tail, end piece
Ovulated oocyte - nucleus, cytoplasm, corona radiata, zona pellucida

Characterise the differentiation of keratinocytes

Stratum corneum - cells contain thinkened cell envelops, contain no nucleus, embedded in lipid matrix
Stratum granulosum - cells become elonngated, usually 1-2 cell layers thick, accumulatw granules
Stratum spinosum - cells increase in size, increased cytoplasm nucleus ratio, cell layers 4-6 cells thick, no further cell division
Stratum basale- cuboidal to columnar cells,cells within this layer proliferate, all cels attached to the basement membrane, one layer.

What is stratum basale and name the cells and functions

Deepest layer of epidermis
Single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells sitting on basement membrane, cells are actively mitotic stem cellls
Some newly formed cells become part of more superficial layer
Cells - keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, Langerhans cells

List all elements of hair apparatus (or draw)

Connective tissue sheath,
wall of hair follicle,
cuticle of hair,
cortex of hair,
medulla of hair.

Draw and label renal corpuscle with proximal convoluted tubule
Alt Q -> draw the elements responsible for primary urine production

afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmans capsule, proximal convulted tubule

List all structure of the wall of urinary bladder

Tunica mucosa - transitional epithelium + lamina mascularis
Tunica muscularis - longitudinal / circular
Tunica adventitia
Tunica serosa

List the characteristic structures participating in the blood urine barrier

Fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries
Basal lamina
Permits passage of H20/ions/ small molecules from bloodstream into capsular space
Filtration slit diaphragm - bridges filtration slits between adjacent pedicels
Prevents passage of large and/or negatively charged proteins, forming ultrafiltrate of blood plasma in the Bowman space

What are the parts of the loop of Henle and their epithelium

Thick descending limb - simple cuboidal epithelium
Thin descending limb - simple squamous epithelium
Thin ascending limb - simple squamous epithelium
Think descending limb - simple cuboidal epithelium

Characterise all parts of male urethra

Prostatic - transitional epithelium
fibroelastic vascular CT: mucous secreting glands of littre
Membranous - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium
fibroelastic stroma: a few glands of littre
Cavernosa - pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium
Replaced by erectile tissue of corpus spongiosum; many glands of littre

Charaterise Leydig and sertoli cells

Leydig cells: Found within the testis Endocrine and interstitial cells Polyhedral cells Uninucleate cells with dispersed chromatin Cytoplasm filled with sER Contain lipid vacuoles and mitochondrion Have receptors for LH and prolactin on the surface Sertoli cells Found in wall of seminiferous tubules support development of male gametes; spermatogenesis Secrete factors which regulate spermatogenesis Secrete tubular fluid + ABP (androgen binding protein) Phagocytosis of discarded spermatid cytoplasm Secretion of inhibin/ transferrin which regulate hormone production by Leydig cells Nucleus is oval and located towards the basal lamina Cytoplasm filled with polysomes sER and rER Golgi apparatus and vesicles, mitochondria Well- developed cytoskeleton Lateral side connected by tight junctions

List parts of the male reproductive system and function

Testis - spermatogenesis Epididymis - accumulation, storage and maturation of spermatozoa Duuts deferens and urethra -formation of the seminal fluids by glands - transport of spermatozoa into seminal fluid

Characterise semen

As a result of ejaculation. Contains: spermatozoa and other cells seminal fluid- derived principally from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland

What changes do the cell organelles undertake during the spermiogenesis

Spermatogonia is transformed into spermatcocytes Meiosis Spermatids become spermatozoa

List the diploid cells of the seminferous tubules

Spermatogenic cells ->spermatogonia ->spermatocytes I ->spermatocytes II

List the histological elements located between the seminiferous tubules

Basal lamina Sertoili cells Spermatogenic cells

Which of the cells of the seminiferous tubules are haploid and which are diploid

Diplod spermatogonia Spermatocytes I Spermatocytes II Haploid Spermatids spermatozoa

List the main procedures taking place during spermiogenesis Which structures are involved in the process

Golgi phase - spermatid Cap phase Acrosomal phase - chromatin in nucleus Maturaction phase - serm head/tail, cytoplasm. Spermatozoa

List all layers of the oviduct and precisely describe the one that lines the lumen

Tunica mucosa (lines lumen) -Simple columnar/ pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing ciliated and secretory cells -Lamina propia Tunica muscularis Tunica serosa

How does the interstitial glnad of the ovary originate and what role does it play

Aggregation of endocrine cells dispersed between CT of stroma - secretes oestrogen

List the ovary cells with endocrine activity and name the hormones produced by those cells

Follicular epithelial cells: FSH Adjacent cells to the theca interna:LH Granulosa lutein cells: progesterone/ oxytocin

What stuctures occur in the cumuluc oophorus

Oocyte, granulosa cells, corona radiata, polar body

How does the corpus luteum arise and how is it built

After ovulation the ruptured follicle collapses and fills with a blood clot to form the corpus luteum Formed by luteinisation(transformatio of cells into lutein cells) Built by granulosa lutein cells (progesterone / oxytocin) and theca lutein cells