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HTMLE > Histo 2 > Flashcards

Histo 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Connective tissue and muscular tissues
    arise from _________.
    I. Ectoderm
    II. Mesoderm
    III. Endoderm
    IV. Mesenchyme

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I and IV
D. II and IV

A

D. II and IV

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2
Q
  1. Which type of epithelial lining is found in the lining of the digestive tract from the stomach down to the anus?

A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Simple cuboidal epithelium
C. Simple columnar epithelium
D. Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

C. Simple columnar epithelium

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3
Q
  1. What type of tissue lines the bladder?

A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Simple cuboidal epithelium
C. Simple columnar epithelium
D. Stratified squamous epithelium
E. Transitional epithelium

A

E. Transitional epithelium

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4
Q
  1. What type of epithelial cells are as tall as
    they are wide?

A. Simple
B. Stratified
C. Squamous
D. Cuboidal
E. Columnar

A

D. Cuboidal

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5
Q
  1. What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels?

A. Epithelioid tissue
B. Mesothelium
C. Endothelium
D. Transitional
E. Pseudostratified

A

C. Endothelium

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue?

A. Blood
B. Bone
C. Tendon
D. Intervertebral disc
E. Myometrium

A

E. Myometrium

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a fiber found in connective tissue?

A. Collagen fiber
B. Elastic fiber
C. Reticular fiber
D. Purkinje fiber
E. All of the above are fibers found in connective tissue

A

D. Purkinje fiber

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8
Q
  1. What type of adipose tissue tends to increase as humans age?

A. Brown adipose tissue
B. White adipose tissue
C. Unilocular adipose tissue
D. Multilocular adipose tissue
E. Both b and c

A

E. Both b and c

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following would be best suited to differentiate collagen fibers from other fibers?

A. Wright’s stain
B. Hematoxylin and eosin stain
C. Sudan stain
D. Silver impregnation
E. Masson’s trichrome stain

A

E. Masson’s trichrome stain

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following stain blue with H&E stain?

A. Cytoplasm
B. Collagen fibers
C. Nucleus
D. Elastic fibers
E. Decalcified bone matrix

A

C. Nucleus

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11
Q
  1. What are Sudan stains used primarily for?

A. Blood
B. Fat
C. Nervous tissue
D. Elastic fibers
E. Decalcified bone matrix

A

B. Fat

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12
Q
  1. What is Mucicarmine stain used primarily for?

A. Blood
B. Fat
C. Nervous tissue
D. Elastic fibers
E. Epithelial mucin

A

E. Epithelial mucin

*Mucicarmine is used to see epithelial mucin.
It stains it a deep red.

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13
Q
  1. What is Wright’s stain used primarily for?

A. Blood
B. Fat
C. Nervous tissue
D. Elastic fibers
E. Decalcified bone matrix

A

A. Blood

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14
Q
  1. What color do elastic fibers stain with Verhoeff Elastic stain?

A. Red/Orange
B. Pink/red
C. Purple/Red
D. Blue/black
E. Green/blue

A

E. Green/blue

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15
Q
  1. During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, what step occurs after the tissue is preserved?

A. Fixation
B. Embedding in paraffin
C. Staining
D. Slicing
E. Dehydration

A

E. Dehydration

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16
Q
  1. During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, how is the tissue preserved?

A. Fixation
B. Embedding in paraffin
C. Staining
D. Slicing
E. Dehydration

A

A. Fixation

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17
Q
  1. During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, what allows the tissue to be visualized?

A. Fixation
B. Embedding in paraffin
C. Staining
D. Slicing
E. Dehydration

A

D. Slicing

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18
Q
  1. Which of the following would be best suited to visualize reticular fibers?

A. Wright’s stain
B. Hematoxylin and eosin stain
C. Sudan stain
D. Silver impregnation
E. Masson’s trichrome stain

A

D. Silver impregnation

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following would be best suited to visualize lipid?

A. Wright’s stain
B. Hematoxylin and eosin stain
C. Sudan stain
D. Silver impregnation
E. Masson’s trichrome stain

A

C. Sudan stain

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20
Q
  1. Ideal amount of the fixative:

A. 1 – 2X the volume of the specimen
B. 5 – 10X the volume of the specimen
C. 10 – 15X the volume of the specimen
D. 10 – 20X the volume of the specimen

A

D. 10 – 20X the volume of the specimen

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21
Q
  1. All of the following are microanatomical
    fixatives, EXCEPT:

A. 10% Formalin
B. Zenker’s solution
C. Bouin’s solution
D. Flemming’s fluid

A

D. Flemming’s fluid

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22
Q
  1. Best fixative for the nervous system:

A. Formalin fixative
B. Permanganate fixative
C. Lead fixative
D. Chromate fixative

A

A. Formalin fixative

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23
Q
  1. Fixative of choice for the preservation of fats:

A. Helly’s fluid
B. Newcomer’s fluid
C. Formalin
D. Newcomer’s fluid

A

C. Formalin

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24
Q
  1. Helly’s fluid is exactly the same as in Zenker’s fixative, but instead of GLACIAL ACETIC ACID, what component is added:

A. Mercuric chloride
B. Potassium dichromate
C. Sodium sulfate
D. Formalin

A

D. Formalin

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25
Q
  1. Fixative recommended for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei:

A. Zenker’s fluid
B. Orth’s fluid
C. Heidenhain’s Susa solution
D. Regaud’s fluid

A

A. Zenker’s fluid

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26
Q
  1. Excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver:

A. Bouin’s solution
B. Helly’s fluid
C. Carnoy’s fluid
D. Flemming’s solution

A

B. Helly’s fluid

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27
Q
  1. All mercurial fixing solutions lead to the formation in tissues of diffuse BLACK granules and these mercury deposits must be removed BEFORE STAINING. Removal of mercuric chloride deposit is accomplished by:

A. Saturated solution of iodine
B. Sodium thiosulfate
C. Distilled water
D. Saturated solution of picric acid

A

A. Saturated solution of iodine

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28
Q
  1. Considered to be the MOST RAPID fixative/ recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies:

A. Gendre’s fixative
B. Carnoy’s fluid
C. Newcomer’s fluid
D. Flemming’s solution

A

B. Carnoy’s fluid

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29
Q
  1. Fixatives used mainly for acid mucopolysaccharides:

A. Lead fixatives
B. Mercurial fixatives
C. Chromate fixatives
D. Picric acid fixatives

A

A. Lead fixatives

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30
Q
  1. Most widely used fixative for electron microscopy:

A. Acetone
B. Zenker’s fluid
C. Osmium tetroxide
D. Trichloroacetic acid

A

C. Osmium tetroxide

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31
Q
  1. The process of decalcification is best performed:

A. Before fixation
B. After fixation
C. After impregnation
D. None of these

A

B. After fixation

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32
Q
  1. Most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of decalcification:

A. Physical test
B. Chemical test
C. X-ray or radiological test
D. Adsorption test

A

C. X-ray or radiological test

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33
Q
  1. The fastest chemical solution in decalcifying tissues is:

A. Trichloroacetic acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Formic acid
D. Versene

A

B. Nitric acid

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34
Q
  1. All of the following remove intracellular and extracellular water from the tissue following fixation, EXCEPT:

A. Alcohol
B. Chloroform
C. Tetrahydrofuran
D. Dioxane

A

B. Chloroform

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35
Q
  1. A TOXIC dehydrating agent, primarily employed for blood and tissue films and for smear preparation:

A. Ethyl alcohol
B. Methyl alcohol
C. Butyl alcohol
D. Isopropyl alcohol

A

B. Methyl alcohol

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36
Q
  1. Function/s of tetrahydrofuran:

A. Dehyrating agent
B. Clearing agent
C. Both of these
D. None of these

A

C. Both of these

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37
Q
  1. Excessive exposure to this clearing agent may be extremely toxic to man and may become carcinogenic or it may damage the bone marrow resulting to APLASTIC ANEMIA:

A. Xylene
B. Benzene
C. Tetrahydrofuran
D. Toluene

A

B. Benzene

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38
Q
  1. Process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and replaced by a medium that will completely fill all the tissue cavities:

A. Embedding
B. Infiltration
C. Blocking
D. Casting

A

B. Infiltration

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39
Q
  1. Simplest, most common and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing:

A. Paraffin wax
B. Ester wax
C. Celloidin
D. Carbowax

A

A. Paraffin wax

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40
Q
  1. A semi-synthetic wax used for embedding
    the eyes:

A. Paraplast
B. Bioloid
C. Ester wax
D. Carbowax

A

B. Bioloid

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41
Q
  1. The DRY celloidin embedding method is employed chiefly for the:

A. Bones and teeth
B. Large brain blocks
C. Whole organs
D. Eyes

A

D. Eyes

42
Q
  1. All of the following are substitutes for paraffin wax, EXCEPT:

A. Paraplast
B. Embeddol
C. Malinol
D. Tissue Mat

A

C. Malinol

43
Q
  1. Melting point of ester wax:

A. 56-57°C
B. 46-48°C
C. 54-58°C
D. 50-54°C

A

B. 46-48°C

44
Q
  1. The last container through which tissue pass through in an automatic tissue processor contains:

A. Paraffin
B. Xylol
C. Formalin
D. Alcohol

A

A. Paraffin

45
Q
  1. Microtome knife recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base-sledge type or sliding microtome:

A. Plane-concave knife
B. Plane-wedge knife
C. Biconcave knife
D. None of these

A

B. Plane-wedge knife

46
Q
  1. Removal of gross nicks on the knife edge:

A. Honing
B. Stropping
C. Both of these
D. None of these

A

A. Honing

47
Q
  1. Removal of “burr” or irregularities on the knife edge:

A. Honing
B. Stropping
C. Both of these
D. None of these

A

B. Stropping

48
Q
  1. Angle formed between the cutting edge of the microtome knife (27°-32°):

A. Bevel angle
B. Clearance angle
C. Both of these
D. Neither of these

A

A. Bevel angle

49
Q
  1. Angle formed between the surface of the block and the cutting edge of the knife (0°-15°):

A. Bevel angle
B. Clearance angle
C. Both of these
D. Neither of these

A

B. Clearance angle

50
Q
  1. This type of microtome easily cuts large blocks and serial sections can be obtained with ease because larger knives can be used:

A. Sliding
B. Rotary
C. Rocking
D. Freezing

A

A. Sliding

51
Q
  1. The cryostat is an apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy. It consists of a microtome, kept inside a cold chamber which has been maintained at a temperature of:

A. 20°C
B. -20°C
C. 4°C
D. -4°C

A

B. -20°C

52
Q
  1. A tissue exposed to short burst of CARBON
    DIOXIDE for a few minutes will:

A. Freeze
B. Harden
C. Dehydrate
D. Fix

A

A. Freeze

53
Q
  1. Fat cells and enzymes are best demonstrated in:

A. Paraffin section
B. Plastic embedded section
C. Celloidin section
D. Frozen section

A

D. Frozen section

54
Q
  1. When trimming tissue block, they must be surrounded by at least __ of wax.

A. 1 mm
B. 2 mm
C. 3 mm
D. 4 mm

A

B. 2 mm

55
Q
  1. Thickness of paraffin sections for routine histologic procedures:

A. 10-15µ
B. 4-6 µ
C. 0.5µ
D. 5-10µ

A

B. 4-6 µ

56
Q
  1. The following methods are done for drying sections on slide, EXCEPT:

A. On a hot plate at 45-55°C for 30-45 min.
B. On a Bunsen flame
C. In an incubator at 37°C for 3 hours
D. In a wax oven at 56-60°C for 2 hours

A

C. In an incubator at 37°C for 3 hours

57
Q
  1. Most probable cause when clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it:

A. Incomplete fixation
B. Prolonged fixation
C. Incomplete dehydration
D. Prolonged dehydration

A

C. Incomplete dehydration

58
Q
  1. It is added to Mayer’s egg albumin to prevent the growth of molds:

A. Sodium chloride
B. Glycerol
C. Thymol crystals
D. Powdered starch

A

C. Thymol crystals

59
Q
  1. Adhesive added to the water in the floating-out bath – most convenient alternative to direct coating of slides:

A. Plasma
B. Gelatin
C. Starch paste
D. Dried albumin

A

B. Gelatin

60
Q
  1. To avoid distortion of the image, the
    refractive index of the mountant should be
    near as possible to that of the glass which is:

A. 1. 581
B. 1.185
C. 1.518
D. 1.155

A

C. 1.518

61
Q
  1. Deparaffinization of tissue sections is accomplished by passing through:

A. Ammonia water
B. Acetone
C. Alcohol
D. Xylol

A

D. Xylol

62
Q
  1. Coverslips from slides may be removed by immersion in:

A. Ammonia water
B. Acetone
C. Alcohol
D. Xylol

A

D. Xylol

63
Q
  1. Process by which sections are stained with simple aqueous or alcoholic solutions of the dye:

A. Progressive staining
B. Regressive staining
C. Direct staining
D. Indirect staining

A

C. Direct staining

64
Q
  1. A tissue-mordant-dye complex is needed in:

A. Progressive staining
B. Regressive staining
C. Direct staining
D. Indirect staining

A

D. Indirect staining

65
Q
  1. With this staining technique, the tissue is first overstained, and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted part of the tissue:

A. Progressive staining
B. Regressive staining
C. Direct staining
D. Indirect staining

A

B. Regressive staining

66
Q
  1. The regressive staining method employs this procedure:

A. Deparaffinization
B. Clearing
C. Differentiation
D. Dehydration

A

C. Differentiation

67
Q
  1. Accelerate or hasten the speed of the staining power and selectivity of the dye:

A. Oxidizing agents
B. Acid differentiators
C. Accentuators
D. Mordants

A

C. Accentuators

68
Q
  1. Substances which aid in attaching a stain or dye to the tissue:

A. Oxidizing agents
B. Acid differentiators
C. Accentuators
D. Mordants

A

D. Mordants

69
Q
  1. This technique entails the use of specific dyes, which differentiate particular substances by staining them with a color that is different from that of the stain itself:

A. Orthochromatic staining
B. Metachromatic staining
C. Counterstaining
D. Vital staining

A

B. Metachromatic staining

70
Q
  1. All of the following are metachromatic stains, EXCEPT:

A. Thionine
B. Toluidine blue
C. Safranin
D. Eosin

A

D. Eosin

71
Q
  1. Stain used for demonstrating mitochondria during intravital staining:

A. Victoria blue
B. Acridine orange
C. Benzidine
D. Janus Green B

A

D. Janus Green B

72
Q
  1. Application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of the structural component to be demonstrated:

A. Orthochromatic staining
B. Metachromatic staining
C. Counterstaining
D. Vital staining

A

C. Counterstaining

73
Q
  1. The routine stain for surgical tissue section is:

A. Gram’s stain
B. Wright’s stain
C. Pap’s stain
D. H&E stain

A

D. H&E stain

74
Q
  1. Routinely used in histopathology as a counterstain/background for contrasting stain because it gives a pleasing and colorful contrasts to nuclear stains:

A. Eosin
B. Toluidine blue
C. Methylene blue
D. Crystal violet

A

A. Eosin

75
Q
  1. In the hematoxylin-eosin stain (H&E), this stain acts as the acid dye:

A. Hematoxylin
B. Eosin
C. Either of these
D. Neither of these

A

B. Eosin

76
Q
  1. In routine H&E, most fixatives can be used, EXCEPT:

A. Zenker’s formol
B. Formaldehyde
C. Osmic acid
D. Picric acid

A

C. Osmic acid

77
Q
  1. Only substance in histopathology that can fix, differentiate or stain tissues all by itself:

A. Osmic acid
B. Picric acid
C. Trichloroacetic acid
D. Acetic acid

A

B. Picric acid

78
Q
  1. The active dye (coloring agent) in hematoxylin solution is:

A. Hematin
B. Hematein
C. Hematoxylin
D. Hematoxylon

A

B. Hematein

79
Q
  1. All of the following are chemical oxidizing agent/ripening agent for hematoxylin, EXCEPT:

A. Sodium iodate
B. Mercuric oxide
C. Hydrogen peroxide
D. Ammonium alum

A

D. Ammonium alum

80
Q
  1. Ripening agent for Harris’ hematoxylin:

A. Sodium iodate
B. Mercuric oxide
C. Potassium permanganate
D. Hydrogen peroxide

A

B. Mercuric oxide

81
Q
  1. Function of ammonium alum in the Harris hematoxylin formula:

A. Oxidizing agent
B. Mordant
C. Dye solvent
D. Dye

A

B. Mordant

82
Q
  1. Staining of the nuclei by alum hematoxylin is enhanced by the addition of:

A. Alum
B. Ethanol
C. Glacial acetic acid
D. Mercuric oxide

A

C. Glacial acetic acid

83
Q
  1. Glacial acetic acid added to hematoxylin will:

A. Inactivate stain
B. Decrease nuclear staining
C. Enhance cytoplasmic staining
D. Enhance nuclear staining

A

D. Enhance nuclear staining

84
Q
  1. A sheen of oxidized dye on the surface of hematoxylin solution indicates:

A. Stain is concentrated
B. Stain is contaminated by bacteria
C. Stain has to be filtered
D. Stain has to be discarded

A

C. Stain has to be filtered

85
Q
  1. Acid alcohol used in routine H&E acts as:

A. Mordant
B. Stain
C. Bluing agent
D. Differentiator

A

D. Differentiator

86
Q
  1. The acid used in combination with alcohol in an acid alcohol solution:

A. Acetic acid
B. Oxalic acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Hydrochloric acid

A

D. Hydrochloric acid

87
Q
  1. Staining result in the routine hematoxylin and eosin method:

A. Nuclei pink, cytoplasm blue to blue-black
B. Nuclei blue to blue-black, cytoplasm pink
C. Nuclei and cytoplasm pink
D. Nuclei and cytoplasm blue-black

A

B. Nuclei blue to blue-black, cytoplasm pink

88
Q
  1. A common BASIC NUCLEAR STAIN for plasma cells and may also be employed in cytological examination of fresh sputum for malignant cells:

A. Eosin
B. Methylene blue
C. Crystal violet
D. Aniline blue

A

B. Methylene blue

89
Q
  1. PAS positive substances are stained:

A. Blue
B. Brown-black
C. Green
D. Magenta red

A

D. Magenta red

90
Q
  1. Staining method for glycogen:

A. PAS technique
B. Langhan’s iodine stain
C. Best Carmine method
D. All of these

A

D. All of these

91
Q
  1. Tubercle bacilli in Ziehl-Neelsen stain:

A. Bright red
B. Grayish blue
C. Green
D. Blue

A

A. Bright red

92
Q
  1. Feulgen’s reaction is the most reliable and most specific histochemical staining technique for:

A. RNA
B. DNA
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. DNA

93
Q
  1. In the Masson-Fontana ammoniacal silver reaction, melanin and argentaffin cell granules are stained:

A. Brown
B. Red
C. Black
D. Blue

A

C. Black

94
Q
  1. Lipids in Sudan IV are stained:

A. Black
B. Blue black
C. Red
D. Deep blue to violet

A

C. Red

95
Q
  1. Positive reaction for cholesterol in Schultz Method:

A. Blue-black
B. Grayish-blue
C. Pale pink
D. Blue-green

A

D. Blue-green

96
Q
  1. The method of choice for staining in exfoliative cytology:

A. Pap’s stain
B. Wright’s stain
C. H&E stain
D. Giemsa stain

A

A. Pap’s stain

97
Q
  1. Continuous abnormal proliferation of cells without control causes an overgrowth of tissue or tumor cells:

A. Anaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Dysplasia

A

C. Neoplasia

98
Q
  1. The dissolving of cells by enzymatic action is:

A. Rotting
B. Decay
C. Autolysis
D. Putrefaction

A

C. Autolysis

99
Q
  1. A malignant tumor is least characterized by:

A. Metastases
B. Mitotic figures
C. Encapsulation
D. Invasion of adjacent tissues

A

C. Encapsulation

100
Q
  1. Father of modern histology

A. Rudolf Virchow
B. Marie François Xavier Bichat
C. Hippocrates
D. Gregor Mendel

A

B. Marie François Xavier Bichat

HTMLE (4 decks)

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