Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CC > HISTO > Flashcards

HISTO Flashcards

1
Q

The most widely used and recommended fixative in ROUTINE HISTOPATHOLOGY

A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following fixatives is employed for SKIN TUMOR BIOPSIES

A

Heidenhain Susa (mercuric fixative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is also known as DEALCOHOLIZATION

A

Clearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clearing agent/s that become MILKY due to incomplete dehydration

A

Cedarwood oil and Xylene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In preparing buffered formalin

A

The pH should be adjusted to 7 and use of Phosphate buffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decalcification is the process of removing calcium salts from calcified tissues such as bone and teeth. This is performed prior to fixation.

A

First is TRUE, Second is FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following can be used as a SECONDARY FIXATIVE for EM?

A

Osmium tetroxide (OSMIC ACID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fixation for EM is preferably performed at

A

42C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fixatives should be SLIGHTLY HYPERTONIC. This is around 400-450 mOsm.

A

Both are TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The color of death certificate for adults is

A

White
Pink - Stillbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For small tissue fragments that are easily lost during processing, which of the following fixatives can you consider?

A

Bouin’s (imparts yellow pigment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glacial acetic acid is a fixative for NUCLEI. It can be used as a SIMPLE FIXATIVE.

A

First is TRUE, Second is FALSE
(GAA is a COMPOUND fixative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

For maximum effectiveness, the FIXATIVE:TISSUE RATIO should be

A

20:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

BLACK PIGMENTS due to use of mercuric fixatives can be removed using which washing out reagent?

A

Alcoholic Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most rapid fixative

A

Carnoy’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following procedures is performed prior to fixation?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following fixatives becomes part of the tissue?

A

Osmium tetroxide (OSMIC ACID) and Formalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A SLOW ACTING clearing agent recommended for TOUGH TISSUES such as lymph nodes and brain?

A

Chloroform (6-24hrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following fixatives contains CHROMATES

A

Regaud’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Paraffin wax substitute that contains a mixture of paraffin and plastic polymers

A

Paraplast (MP 56-57C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following tissues require tissue softeners prior to sectioning

A

Nails (Keratin-rich tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Xylene is routinely used as a CLEARING AGENT. Less toxic alternatives to xylene include isopropanol and other xylene free agents

A

Both are TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tissue blocks are always cold when cut/sectioned. Sections are cut in a uniform rapid motion.

A

First is TRUE, Second is FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Concentrated formalin

A

37%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pencil is used to label frosted slides. Diamond pencil is used to label non-frosted slides.

A

Both are TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If the specimen code is labelled as C99-0031, the specimen is most likely

A

Pap’s Smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which process should be performed immediately as delays can lead to irreparable tissue damage?

A

Fixation (most crucial step)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which of the following is not a mercury fixative

A

Brasil’s (picric acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A purified form of nitrocellulose employed for embedding hard tough tissues that tend to collapse and produces a rubbery tissue block

A

Celloidin (collodion - no heating required)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In an autotechnicon, the first station containa

A

Formalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

All of the following are employed as fixatives for EM except

A

Uranyl acetate (stain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which of the following fixatives may also function as a FAT STAIN

A

Osmium tetroxide (black color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Widely used decalcifying agent

A

10% nitric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which of the following fixatives also function as a decalcifying agent

A

Formic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Dehydrating agents should be atleast ____ times the volume of tissue

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Also known as rubbing alcohol, it is a fixative useful for smears for staining for Wright’s and may also function as an alternative to ethanol for dehydration

A

Isopropanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Appropriate tissue for IHC

A

Formalin fixed tissues
Acetone fixed tissues
Frozen sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Xylene is a routine clearing agent employed for tissues less than 5mm. Clearing time for xylene is approximately 1-2 hrs

A

First is TRUE, Second is FALSE (15mins to 1hr only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which is considered a universal solvent

A

Tertiary butanol
THF
Dioxane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Added to Mayer’s egg albumin to prevent growth of mold

A

Thymol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Tissues for routine fixation should be no more than ____ mm thick

A

4-5mm

42
Q

Recommended embedding medium for TEM (transmission electron microscopy)

A

Epoxy

43
Q

Paraffin sections have a thickness of ___ um

A

4-6
10-15 - Celloidin
2 - Renal biopsy

44
Q

Tissue preparation method for bronchial aspirates

A

Pull apart

45
Q

Routine fixative of choice for tissue photography

A

Helly’s

46
Q

Picric acid fixatives are contraindicated for glycogen. It is explosive when dry.

A

First is FALSE, Second is TRUE

47
Q

Methods of formalin pigment removal except

A

1% Alcohol sodium hydroxide
(Kardasweitsch’s
Lillie’s
Alcoholic KOH)

48
Q

Usual optimum temperature for decalcification

A

RT

49
Q

Fixatives for cytology except

A

NOTA
95% ethanol - Routine
Saccimano’s - Sputum
Schaudinn’s - Hg

50
Q

Microtome suitable for FAT STAINS

A

Cold microtome (cryostat)

51
Q

Wet celloidin method is intended for impregnating the following tissues except

A

Whole eye section (DRY METHOD)

52
Q

Microtome for unfixed unfrozen specimens for enzyme demonstrations

A

Vibrotome

53
Q

Infiltrating media requiring dehydration and clearing

A

Ester wax

54
Q

Ester wax impregnated tissues are sectioned using which microtome

A

Sliding

55
Q

Most reliable method to determine extent of decalcification

A

Xray

56
Q

Which of the following is incorrect regarding fixation

A

Formalin preserves cellular structure by removal of water

57
Q

Which of the following fixatives is highly suitable for cell detail in tissue photography and hematopoietic tissues

A

Zenker’s

58
Q

A stillborn was received by the custodian of Medical museum

A

The volume of the fixative should be 50x more than the tissue

59
Q

Minute tissue fragments are to be processed, how will you handle this

A

All fragments must be wrapped in a small piece of filter paper before loading

60
Q

Which equipment is not employed when a diagnosis is needed right away in the OR

A

Rotary microtome

61
Q

Medtech Procopio, noticed a soft, mushy tissue block when cut into sections it crumbles and feathers. This is due to

A

Inadequate fixation

62
Q

The EM section thickness ranges approximately from

A

50-120 um

63
Q

Which is true of an autopsied cadaver

A

NONE
No longer possible to embalm
Body is mutilated
Requires special burial

64
Q

Adipocytes are best demonstrated in (fat cells)

A

Frozen section

65
Q

Which of the following is not used as a decalcifying agent

A

Acid alcohol (decolorizer)

66
Q

Fixative for surgical specimens

A

10% formalin

67
Q

Fixative for Pap’s smear

A

95% ethanol

68
Q

An alternative fixative for Pap’s if the common fixative is absent

A

Hair spray

69
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is most likely the tumor present

A

Urine

70
Q

The usual thickness of a tissue cassette

A

5mm

71
Q

A sheen of oxidized dye on the surface of hematoxylin solution indicates

A

Stain has to be filtered

72
Q

Surgical pathology slides should be stored

A

Indefinitely

73
Q

A MT is processing a cytology specimen and he notices abundant dust laden macrophages, this is most likely

A

Sputum

74
Q

If your objective is to study/observe viable cells, which stain can be employed?

A

Janus Green
(or vital stains)

75
Q

Alcohol is not recommended as a tissue fixative because

A

Volatile and evaporates fast

76
Q

Monoclonal antibodies employed for IHC belong to which Ig class

A

IgG

77
Q

How will you remedy overstained sections with eosin

A

Dip sections in ammonia water (bluing agent)

78
Q

Which stain is best for reticular CT

A

Gomori

79
Q

Which is the most common medium in preparing permanent slides

A

Canada balsam

80
Q

Shell horse leather is employed for

A

Stropping
(polishing of knife/removing burns)

81
Q

In order to prevent the block from cracking, what should be done

A

Block must be hardened

82
Q

How will you remedy the presence of holes in tissue sections

A

Re-embed the whole tissue in fresh wax

83
Q

A reason why sections fail to form ribbons

A

Dull to blunt knife

84
Q

The MT noticed a blurr on his newly honed knife, what is the next step to be done

A

Get the horse leather and start stropping

85
Q

Minimum fixation time for Pap’s

A

15 mins

86
Q

When is the best time to collect samples for toxicology and microbiologic examination from autopsy

A

As soon as after death

87
Q

The tissue mordant dye complex is needed in

A

Indirect staining

88
Q

Which specimen is most likely to require decalcification before embedding and cutting

A

Aorta with artherosclerosis

89
Q

Which of the following is not a stain for CNS

A

PAS (CHO stain)

90
Q

All of the following are cytoplasmic fixatives except

A

Carnoy’s (nuclear)
Cytoplasmic - HOR

91
Q

Blood containing tissues such as spleen subjected to aldehydes may form abundant ___ pigments

A

Brown

92
Q

Which fixative is extremely corrosive to metals

A

Mercury

93
Q

Phloroglucin Nitric acid used as a dcalcifying fluid

A

12-24hrs

94
Q

As a general rule, the volume of the inflitrating medium should be atleast how many times the volume of the tissue volume

A

25x

95
Q

Water soluble waxes except

A

Gelatin

96
Q

Cells devoid of tigroid substances suggest

A

Nerve cell degeneration

97
Q

Main constituent of Fuelgen’s and Schiff’s reagent

A

Basic fuschin

98
Q

A lysochrome more likely to stain neutral fats giving it an intense red stain

A

Sudan IV (Scharlach R)

99
Q

Metachromasia is lost if the section is dehydrated in alcohol after staining method

A

TRUE

100
Q

Stain to demostrate astrocytes

A

Mallory’s PTAH

CC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions