Histo Flashcards
GEJ (Gastroesophageal junction)
strat. sq. epi (esophagus)–> columnar epi (stomach)
*** barrett esophagus (metaplasia from chronic acid exposure–> inc risk of esoph. cancer)
esophagus histo
non-keratinized stratified squamous epi.
stomach histo
Simple columnar epi
upper esophageal sphincter is …
skeletal muscle
lower esophageal sphincter is
smooth muscle
body of the stomach (cells and enzymes)
parietal cells –> HCL + intrinsic factor
chief cells –> pepsinogen
antrum of the stomach (cells and enzymes)
G cells – gastrin
mucus secreting cells –> bicarb + mucus
small intestine features
- simple columnar epithelium
- brush border (microvilli/enterocytes - lamina propria = absorptive)
- crypts of lieberkuhn (invaginations of villi containing stem cells)
what types of cells do the stem cells found at the base of the crypts regenerate?
paneth cells (immune) goblet cells (mucus) enteroendocrine (GI hormones) enterocytes (brush border cells/microvilli)
Duodenum features
- brunner glands (bicarb secretion)
- 4 parts (1st is intraperitoneal)
- 2nd- 4th parts = retroperitoneal
- 2nd part is most important (receives secretions from bile duct (liver) and main pancreatic duct – chemical digestion
- receives chyme from pyloric sphincter
where is most of the water that passes through the GI tract absorbed?
jejunum and ileum (small intestine)
jejunum features
folate + water absorption
most of plicae circulares (submucosal layer circular folds)
ileum features
vitamin B12, bile salt, water absorption
peyer patches (immune)
fundus features
mostly tubular neck cells - secrete mucus
some parietal and chief cells
rectum features
- ampulla - distal portion
- houston valves (transverse folds- holding shit)
- simple columnar epithelium
- anorectal junction
anal canal features
anorectal junction - separates anal stratified squamous epi (same as esophagus)
pectinate line
internal (involuntary)/external (voluntary)sphincters
what does the pectinate line do?
demarcates the division of the anal canal controlled by ANS (proximal 2/3rds) and somatics (distal 3rd)
colon features
simple columnar epi
crypts
goblet cells
no villi
AML characteristic cells
auer rods
CML characteristic cells
metamyelocytes, basophils
CLL/SLL (most common adult leukemia)- characteristic cells
smudge cells
hairy b -cell lymphoma
hairy fuzzy b cell projections
T-cell/B-cell ALL
inc lymphoblasts (peripheral blood smear and bone marrow)
*** big basophilic (dark purple cells)
hodgkin lymphoma
reed-sternberg cells
Vitamin B12 deficiency (megaloblastic/ pernicious anemia)
hypersegmented neutrophils
diffuse lupus nephritis
subENDOthelial deposits
membranous nephropathy
subEPIthelial and intramembranous deposits
PSGN/ acute-post infectious GN
subEPIthelial Humps
MPGN
tram-track / splitting
membrane duplication
systemic amyloidosis
apple-green birefringence under polarized light on congo red stain
alport syndrome
lamina densa lamination (basket weave appearance)
diabetic nephropathy
kimmelstiel-wilson bodies; PAS + nodules
papillary RCC
psammomma bodies
fibromuscular dysplasia
string of beads on angiography
denys drash/ wilms tumor
diffuse mesangial sclerosis
oncocytoma
eosinophilic cells w/ many mitochondria
chromophobe RCC
pale eosinophilic cytoplasm w/ halo around nucleus
psammoma bodies
papillary serous (sporadic) endometrial carcinoma;
papillary thyroid carcinoma;
meningioma;
mesothelioma
krunkenberg tumor (gastric tumor metz to ovary)
cells have large amounts of mucin with displaced nuclei –> signet ring appearance
granulosa cell tumor of the ovary
- inc estrogen + inhibin
- large, unilateral yellow-adnexal mass - firm
- post-menopausal bleeding + endometrial hyperplasia (indicative of inc estrogen)
- call- exner bodies = granulosa cells form follicle-like structures around central eosinophilic material
- granulosa cells: cuboidal cells w/ nuclear grooves (coffee bean nuclei)
yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus)
schiller-duval bodies- resemble glomeruli
- inc AFP
