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Readings in Philippine History and Society > Hispanization of the Philippines > Flashcards

Hispanization of the Philippines Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the goals of the Europeans for their expansion?

A

3Gs

God
Gold
Glory

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2
Q

Who was the first man to lead the circumnavigation of the world?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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3
Q

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese man. How come that he was the one who lead one of Spanish Expeditions?

A

He was not supported by the Portugal government; hence, he went to Spain and the former supported him.

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4
Q

In Magellan’s expedition, where was he headed?

A

To Moluccas by sailing west

Note: Moluccas = Spice Islands

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5
Q

On his voyage, he accidentally discovered the ____ because he thought it was Moluccas.

A

Philippines

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6
Q

Who were the people who accompanied him through his voyage?

A

FADE

Fr. Pedro de Valderama (fleet chaplain)
Antonio Pigafetta (chronicler)
Duarte De Barbosa (Magellan’s brother in law)
Enrique of Malacca (acting as interpreter)

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7
Q

When did they saw the island of Samar?

A

March 16, 1521

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8
Q

Magellan had a blood compact with who?

A

Rajah Kolambu

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9
Q

What were the ships of Magellan that were given by the Spaniards?

A

TRICONSANSANVIC

Trinidad
Conception
Santiago
San Antonio
Victoria

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10
Q

What ship did he sailed?

A

Trinidad

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11
Q

The only ship that returned after circumnavigating the globe.

A

Victoria

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12
Q

Such expedition brought him into a group of islands which they called what?

A

Archipelago of St. Lazaruz (later renamed Philippines after King Philip II of Spain)

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13
Q

Magellan and his co-voyagers anchored the ships on ___ and later sailed to an islet south of ___.

A

Homonhon; Leyte

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14
Q

What islet in south Leyte did they celebrate the first mass and when did they celebrate it?

A

Mazaua or Limawasa; March 31, 1521

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15
Q

While Magellan was killed in a battle with Mactan chieftain Lapu-Lapu, was his expedition successful?

A

Yes, his expedition paved the way for the eventual colonization of the Philippines by Spain.

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16
Q

What were the other Spanish Expeditions in the Philippines?

A

MALOCASAVI

MA-gellan (Ferdinand Magellan)
LO-aysa (Father Juan Garcia Jofre De Loaysa
CA-bot (Sebastian Cabot)
SA-avedra (Alvaro de Sayavedra)
VI-llalobos (Ruy Lopez de Villalobos)

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17
Q

Who was the first man to circumnavigate the world?

A

Juan Sebastian Elcano (Delcano)

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18
Q

Who was the first Spanish Governor General?

A

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

Note: Colonization started

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19
Q

When did Miguel Lopez de Legaspi arrived in the Philippines?

A

1565

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20
Q

What was Legaspi’s goal when he arrived in the Philippines?

A

Establish a permanent settlement in the Philippines Island.

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21
Q

Legaspi had a blood compact with ____, chief of Bohol.

A

Rajah Sikatuna

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22
Q

Legaspi also made a treaty of friendship with ___, where the first Spanish settlement (San Miguel) was established.

A

Rajah Tupas of Cebu

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23
Q

Who was the last Spanish Governor General?

A

Diego Delos Rios

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24
Q

San Miguel was later renamed to

A

Santissismo Nombre de Jesus (City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus)

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25
Q

When did Legaspi established that Manila would be the capital of the Philippines?

A

1571

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26
Q

What is the oldest city of the Philippines?

A

Cebu City

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27
Q

He fortified Manila which was under Sulayman, a Muslim chieftain.

A

De Goite

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28
Q

How many years was Philippines colonized by the Spanish?

A

333 years

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29
Q

During the Spanish period, the government was changed from decentralized to what? For how many years?

A

Centralized; 250 years

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30
Q

What plan required the natives to love in the area near the church or to town centers?

A

Reduccion Plan

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31
Q

Other term for town centers

A

Cabeceras

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32
Q

Who proposed the Reduccion Plan?

A

Fr. Juan de Plasencia

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33
Q

It is the King’s official representative to the colony.

A

Governor General

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34
Q

Highest position of the colony

A

Governor General

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35
Q

He also issues superior decrees

A

Governor General

36
Q

He is also the President of the Audencia which is the highest court of the colony.

A

Governor General

37
Q

Considered as the Vice royal patron in the Philippines which means that he can appoint minor officials and parish priests.

A

Governor General

38
Q

The commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

A

Governor General

39
Q

Right of the governor to suspend the operation of a Royal Decree (give Filipinos basic education) coming from the King.

A

Cumplase

40
Q

Usual formula in exercising the right to cumplase

A

I obey but do not comply

41
Q

Checks to Gubernational Powers

A
  • Royal Audiencia
  • Residencia
  • Visitador-General
42
Q

The Supreme Court of the colony (1583)

A

Royal Audiencia

43
Q

Punishes whose guilty of graft and corruption

A

Residencia

44
Q

Checks the behavior of the high officials in the colony including the Governor-General.

A

Visitador-General

45
Q

Who commands the Visitador-General?

A

King of Spain

Note: Was betrayed by Visitador-General to tell what’s really happening in the country due to bribing of the Governor-General

46
Q

During the Spanish period, economic policies are largely marked by what?

A

Monopoly (benefitting the Spaniards)

Means: Spaniards basically controlled everything.

47
Q

During the Spanish period, before 1884, the taxation was initially a tribute of 8 reales (1 peso). After 1884, it was replaced by what?

A

Personal cedula poll tax

48
Q

Was the 8 reales of tribute for all? Or no?

A

Yes, no matter if you’re rich or not.

49
Q

Is there a certain amount for cedula poll tax?

A

No, it’s based on income.

50
Q

Who are responsible to pay taxes?

A

18 years and above

51
Q

Present term for personal cedula poll tax

A

Community tax

52
Q

Men aged 16-60 are required to work for the government for 40 days

A

Forced Labor / Polo Y Servicio

53
Q

Can men be exempted for forced labor?

A

Yes, if they will pay falla (exemption fee) = 7 pesos

54
Q

Source of corruption, involved land grants to deserving Spaniards. (helped to colonized)

A

Encomienda

55
Q

Who headed the Encomienda?

A

Encomiendero

56
Q

Products shipped from Manila to Acapulco, Mexico, with forced labor involvedment.

A

Galleon Trade of Manila - Acapulco

57
Q

The obligation of Filipino farmers to sell their products to the government at a minimum price.

A

Bandala System

58
Q

Who started Tobacco Monopoly?

A

Jose Basco Y. Vargas

59
Q

Monopoly that lasted for 100 years

A

Tobacco Monopoly

60
Q

Colonial government controlled all aspects of tobacco cultivation and trade.

A

Tobacco Monopoly

61
Q

Government determined plantation sites, set quotas, and decided the amount to be paid by farmers.

A

Tobacco Monopoly

62
Q

Considered as the greatest legacy of Spain to the Philippines

A

Catholicism

63
Q

Catholicism was made possible because of the work of the early missionaries which are

A

All Farmers Jumped Down the River Banks

  • Augustinians
  • Franciscans
  • Jesuits
  • Dominicans
  • Recollects
  • Benedictines
64
Q

Spaniards also influenced us with Festivities and Holidays. Enumerate those festivities.

A

January - New Year’s Day
March or April - Semana Santa
Oct. 31 to Nov. 2 - Day of the Dead
Dec. 24 - Nochebuena
Dec. 25 - Christmas

65
Q

Enacted the Claveria Decree and initiated the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos.

A

Governor General Narciso Claveria y Zaldua

66
Q

Why was Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos initiated?

A

For easy collection of taxes and to avoid confusion and improve public record-keeping

67
Q

It was considered as status symbol, a privilege and not a right.

A

Education

68
Q

Introduced a system of primary education that opened opportunities to Filipinos for higher learning.

A

Educational Decree of 1863

69
Q

First scientist in the Philippines.

A

Fr. Manuel Blanco

70
Q

The Prince of Botanist, who wrote Flora de Filipinas which was published in 1837.

A

Fr. Manuel Blanco

71
Q

This book identified 1,200 kinds of plants in the country.

A

Flora de Filipinas

72
Q

Who controlled the education during Spanish period?

A

Friars

73
Q

___ orders founded the first school and colleges.

A

Religious

74
Q

First and oldest school/university of the Philippines which was founded in 1611.

A

University of Santo Tomas

75
Q

First college for boys in 1589

A

College of San Ignacio

76
Q

First college for girls in 1594

A

College of Santa Potenciana

77
Q

Name the Racial Hierarchy during the Spanish period.

A

Penisulares
Insulares
Tornatras
Mestizo de Espanol
Mestizo de Sangley
Sangley
Indio

78
Q

Full-blooded Austronesian (Filipino)

A

Indio

79
Q

Full-blooded Chinese

A

Sangley

80
Q

Person of mixed Chinese and Austronesian ancestry.

A

Mestizo de Sangley

81
Q

Person of mixed Spanish and Austronesian descent.

A

Mestizo de Espanol

82
Q

Person of mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Austronesian descent.

A

Tornatras

83
Q

Full-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines.

A

Insulares

84
Q

Full-blooded Spaniards born in the Spain.

A

Penisulares

85
Q

Middle class Filipino educated in Europe.

A

Illustrados

86
Q

The enlightened one

A

Illustrados

87
Q

Greatest contribution of Governor Claveria

A

Spanish Surnames

Readings in Philippine History and Society (5 decks)

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