Hispanization of the Philippines Flashcards
What are the goals of the Europeans for their expansion?
3Gs
God
Gold
Glory
Who was the first man to lead the circumnavigation of the world?
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese man. How come that he was the one who lead one of Spanish Expeditions?
He was not supported by the Portugal government; hence, he went to Spain and the former supported him.
In Magellan’s expedition, where was he headed?
To Moluccas by sailing west
Note: Moluccas = Spice Islands
On his voyage, he accidentally discovered the ____ because he thought it was Moluccas.
Philippines
Who were the people who accompanied him through his voyage?
FADE
Fr. Pedro de Valderama (fleet chaplain)
Antonio Pigafetta (chronicler)
Duarte De Barbosa (Magellan’s brother in law)
Enrique of Malacca (acting as interpreter)
When did they saw the island of Samar?
March 16, 1521
Magellan had a blood compact with who?
Rajah Kolambu
What were the ships of Magellan that were given by the Spaniards?
TRICONSANSANVIC
Trinidad
Conception
Santiago
San Antonio
Victoria
What ship did he sailed?
Trinidad
The only ship that returned after circumnavigating the globe.
Victoria
Such expedition brought him into a group of islands which they called what?
Archipelago of St. Lazaruz (later renamed Philippines after King Philip II of Spain)
Magellan and his co-voyagers anchored the ships on ___ and later sailed to an islet south of ___.
Homonhon; Leyte
What islet in south Leyte did they celebrate the first mass and when did they celebrate it?
Mazaua or Limawasa; March 31, 1521
While Magellan was killed in a battle with Mactan chieftain Lapu-Lapu, was his expedition successful?
Yes, his expedition paved the way for the eventual colonization of the Philippines by Spain.
What were the other Spanish Expeditions in the Philippines?
MALOCASAVI
MA-gellan (Ferdinand Magellan)
LO-aysa (Father Juan Garcia Jofre De Loaysa
CA-bot (Sebastian Cabot)
SA-avedra (Alvaro de Sayavedra)
VI-llalobos (Ruy Lopez de Villalobos)
Who was the first man to circumnavigate the world?
Juan Sebastian Elcano (Delcano)
Who was the first Spanish Governor General?
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
Note: Colonization started
When did Miguel Lopez de Legaspi arrived in the Philippines?
1565
What was Legaspi’s goal when he arrived in the Philippines?
Establish a permanent settlement in the Philippines Island.
Legaspi had a blood compact with ____, chief of Bohol.
Rajah Sikatuna
Legaspi also made a treaty of friendship with ___, where the first Spanish settlement (San Miguel) was established.
Rajah Tupas of Cebu
Who was the last Spanish Governor General?
Diego Delos Rios
San Miguel was later renamed to
Santissismo Nombre de Jesus (City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus)
When did Legaspi established that Manila would be the capital of the Philippines?
1571
What is the oldest city of the Philippines?
Cebu City
He fortified Manila which was under Sulayman, a Muslim chieftain.
De Goite
How many years was Philippines colonized by the Spanish?
333 years
During the Spanish period, the government was changed from decentralized to what? For how many years?
Centralized; 250 years
What plan required the natives to love in the area near the church or to town centers?
Reduccion Plan
Other term for town centers
Cabeceras
Who proposed the Reduccion Plan?
Fr. Juan de Plasencia
It is the King’s official representative to the colony.
Governor General
Highest position of the colony
Governor General
He also issues superior decrees
Governor General
He is also the President of the Audencia which is the highest court of the colony.
Governor General
Considered as the Vice royal patron in the Philippines which means that he can appoint minor officials and parish priests.
Governor General
The commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
Governor General
Right of the governor to suspend the operation of a Royal Decree (give Filipinos basic education) coming from the King.
Cumplase
Usual formula in exercising the right to cumplase
I obey but do not comply
Checks to Gubernational Powers
- Royal Audiencia
- Residencia
- Visitador-General
The Supreme Court of the colony (1583)
Royal Audiencia
Punishes whose guilty of graft and corruption
Residencia
Checks the behavior of the high officials in the colony including the Governor-General.
Visitador-General
Who commands the Visitador-General?
King of Spain
Note: Was betrayed by Visitador-General to tell what’s really happening in the country due to bribing of the Governor-General
During the Spanish period, economic policies are largely marked by what?
Monopoly (benefitting the Spaniards)
Means: Spaniards basically controlled everything.
During the Spanish period, before 1884, the taxation was initially a tribute of 8 reales (1 peso). After 1884, it was replaced by what?
Personal cedula poll tax
Was the 8 reales of tribute for all? Or no?
Yes, no matter if you’re rich or not.
Is there a certain amount for cedula poll tax?
No, it’s based on income.
Who are responsible to pay taxes?
18 years and above
Present term for personal cedula poll tax
Community tax
Men aged 16-60 are required to work for the government for 40 days
Forced Labor / Polo Y Servicio
Can men be exempted for forced labor?
Yes, if they will pay falla (exemption fee) = 7 pesos
Source of corruption, involved land grants to deserving Spaniards. (helped to colonized)
Encomienda
Who headed the Encomienda?
Encomiendero
Products shipped from Manila to Acapulco, Mexico, with forced labor involvedment.
Galleon Trade of Manila - Acapulco
The obligation of Filipino farmers to sell their products to the government at a minimum price.
Bandala System
Who started Tobacco Monopoly?
Jose Basco Y. Vargas
Monopoly that lasted for 100 years
Tobacco Monopoly
Colonial government controlled all aspects of tobacco cultivation and trade.
Tobacco Monopoly
Government determined plantation sites, set quotas, and decided the amount to be paid by farmers.
Tobacco Monopoly
Considered as the greatest legacy of Spain to the Philippines
Catholicism
Catholicism was made possible because of the work of the early missionaries which are
All Farmers Jumped Down the River Banks
- Augustinians
- Franciscans
- Jesuits
- Dominicans
- Recollects
- Benedictines
Spaniards also influenced us with Festivities and Holidays. Enumerate those festivities.
January - New Year’s Day
March or April - Semana Santa
Oct. 31 to Nov. 2 - Day of the Dead
Dec. 24 - Nochebuena
Dec. 25 - Christmas
Enacted the Claveria Decree and initiated the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos.
Governor General Narciso Claveria y Zaldua
Why was Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos initiated?
For easy collection of taxes and to avoid confusion and improve public record-keeping
It was considered as status symbol, a privilege and not a right.
Education
Introduced a system of primary education that opened opportunities to Filipinos for higher learning.
Educational Decree of 1863
First scientist in the Philippines.
Fr. Manuel Blanco
The Prince of Botanist, who wrote Flora de Filipinas which was published in 1837.
Fr. Manuel Blanco
This book identified 1,200 kinds of plants in the country.
Flora de Filipinas
Who controlled the education during Spanish period?
Friars
___ orders founded the first school and colleges.
Religious
First and oldest school/university of the Philippines which was founded in 1611.
University of Santo Tomas
First college for boys in 1589
College of San Ignacio
First college for girls in 1594
College of Santa Potenciana
Name the Racial Hierarchy during the Spanish period.
Penisulares
Insulares
Tornatras
Mestizo de Espanol
Mestizo de Sangley
Sangley
Indio
Full-blooded Austronesian (Filipino)
Indio
Full-blooded Chinese
Sangley
Person of mixed Chinese and Austronesian ancestry.
Mestizo de Sangley
Person of mixed Spanish and Austronesian descent.
Mestizo de Espanol
Person of mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Austronesian descent.
Tornatras
Full-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines.
Insulares
Full-blooded Spaniards born in the Spain.
Penisulares
Middle class Filipino educated in Europe.
Illustrados
The enlightened one
Illustrados
Greatest contribution of Governor Claveria
Spanish Surnames
