HIS: CUSTOM OF TAGALOGS Flashcards by ysabella manzano

“an action or way of behaving that is
usual and traditional among the
people in a particular group or place.

CUSTOM

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largest ethnolinguistic group

native to the Metro Manila and
Calabarzon regions of southern
Luzon

Tagalog

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He followed the route taken by Magellan and
reached Mindanao on February 2, 1543.

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

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He established a colony in Sarangani but could not stay long because of insufficient food supply.

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

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Driven away by hostile natives, hunger, and a shipwreck, Villalobos was forced to abandon his
settlements in the islands, and the expedition.

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

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“Las Islas Filipinas”

King (Felipe) Philip II of Spain

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Evangelization in the Philippines: Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (What year)

(1543)

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Evangelization in the Philippines: Augustinians (who and when)

Miguel López de Legazpi, 1565

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Evangelization in the Philippines: Franciscans

1578

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Evangelization in the Philippines: Jesuits

1581

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Evangelization in the Philippines:Dominicans

1587

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Evangelization in the Philippines: Augustinian Recollects

1606

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first governor of the Philippines,

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

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Miguel López de Legazpi

Augustinians (1565)

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(1576) Miguel de Loarca

Franciscans (1578)

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Arrived in 1576 and became an
encomendero of Panay.

Miguel de Loarca

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He wrote Relación de las Islas Filipinas (1582) and his work described the way of life of Filipinos living in Western Visayas area.

Miguel de Loarca

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Spanish Priest

Joan de Portocarrero

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Came from illustrious family.

He was born in Extremadura during the
Golden Age (Siglo de Oro) of Spain.

Joan de Portocarrero

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He came to the Philippines in 1595 as Asesor and Teniente General.

Antonio de Morga

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His Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas gives a lot of information about the state of the Philippines at the latter part of the 16th century.

Antonio de Morga

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During the____ of Spanish rule, colonial officials had the hard time running ____ because of the limited number of Spaniards who wanted to _______.

1st century, local politics, live outside Intramuros

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This situation forced them to allow Filipinos to hold the position of _____.

gobernadorcillo.

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gobernadorcillo

the leader of a town or pueblo

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To ensure that they would remain loyal to the Crown, they instructed the_____ assigned in the parishes to_____ and monitor the activities of the gobernadorcillo.

friars, supervise

Hence, the friars ended up performing the ________ that colonial officials should have been doing in the local level.

administrative duties

As years went by, the friars ended up the ______ and ______ in the pueblo.

most knowledgeable, influential figure

Duties of friars assigned in mission territories

1. inform periodically their superiors of what was going on in their respective assignments. 2. report the number of natives they converted, the people’s way of life, their socio-economic situation and the problems they encountered.

He belonged to the first batch of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Philippines.

Joan de Portocarrero

early book of Roman Catholic catechism, written in 1593 by Fray Juan de Plasencia, and is believed to be one of the earliest books printed in the Philippines.

Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Espanola Y Tagala

The ______ of Plasencia’s Customs of the Tagalogs is currently kept in ___________.

original text, Archivo General de Indias (A.G.I.) in Seville, Spain.

There is also a duplicate copy of it in the __________.

Archivo Franciscano Ibero-Oriental (A.F.I.O.), in Madrid.

Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos is also known as?

Customs of Tagalog

Customs of Tagalog is also known as?

Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos

the first wooden boat

Balangay

1. tribal gathering ruled by chiefs 2. Some consisted of around 30 - 100 houses also have some sort of diplomacy 3. All were equal in terms of status

Barangay

The order of the social hierarchy

1. Maharlica 2. Aliping Namamahay 3. Aliping sa Guiguilir

chiefs of the village

Datu

they governed the people as captains even in wars, were obeyed, and reverenced;

Datu

These chiefs ruled over but few people; sometimes as many as hundreds houses, sometimes even less than thirty.

Datu

How to become a datu?

1. by inheritance 2. by intelligence, wealth, strength, and bravery

Datu as Administration of Justice

1. implement the laws 2. ensure order and give protection 3. Disputes settled in court made with datu and council of elders.

People who are born free

Maharlica (Nobles)

Must accompany the datu in war

Maharlica (Nobles)

Do not need to pay taxes

Maharlica (Nobles)

He would keep their status for a lifetime however, this can be taken if he/she marries a slave.

Maharlica (Nobles)

In this case, the kids would be divided and they would inherit the status of their mother or father.

Maharlica (Nobles)

They have their own properties but has to serve their own masters

Maharlica (nobles)

Children belonging to this caste inherit the status of their parents.

maharlica (nobles)

Cannot be treated as a slave nor can be sold off

Aliping Namamahay ( Commoners )

They serve their master in their houses and lands

Aliping sa Guiguilir ( Slaves )

Can be sold off

Aliping sa Guiguilir ( Slaves )

The master can reward them by giving them a portion of the harvest so that the slaves would be faithful to him/her

Aliping sa Guiguilir ( Slaves )

A person can be slave by:

by captivity in war by reasons of debt by inheritance by purchase by committing a crime

Slaves can be emancipated through:

by forgiveness by paying debt by condonation by bravery

marriage with only one person at a time or the practice of having only one mate.

Monogamous

Prior to marriage the man requires to give dowry:

Bigay-kaya, Panghihimuyat, Bigay-suso, Himaraw

Several grounds for Separation:

1. Adultery 2. Abandonment 3. Cruelty 4. Insanity

Marriage between couples belonging to different social classes were common. T OR F

F: NOT COMMON

a place to worship which is constructed at a large house of the chief where people of the tribe go to celebrate festivals (aka pandot or worship)

Simbahan

They beat large and small drums successively during the feast which usually lasted four days

Simbahan

a temporary shed, made on each side of the datu’s house, for the assembled people

Sibi

belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.

animism

worship ---->

nagaanitos

used to refer to spirits, including the household deities, deceased ancestors, nature-spirits, nymphs and diwatas (minor gods and demi-gods).

anito

Filipino attitude that expresses courage and faith in God.

bahala na

supreme being; the creator

bathala abba

one of their many idols, whom they specially worshipped.

bathala abba

almost universally respected and honored because of its beauty

sun

they would rejoice, especially when new

moon

the Pleiades; a star cluster

Seven little goats

they did not name them except for the morning tore, which they called tala

stars

the Greater Bear constellation

Balatic

the change of seasons

Mapolon

dols; images with different shapes

lic-ha

an idol; patron of lovers and generation

dian masalanta

idols; patrons of the cultivated lands and husbandry

lacapati at idianale

crocodiles; were respected by the Tagalogs due to their fear of being harmed by them; they offered a portion of what they carried in their boats to them

buaya

Officiates the offering sacrifice for a feast and the food to be eaten being offered to the devil.

. Catolonan

Priest from a people of rank

Catolonan

They pretend to heal the sick in order to deceive others.

Mangagauay

They can cast remedies to couples for them to abandon one another

Manyisalat

Can emit fire from himself which cannot be extinguished

Mancocolam

Much more powerful than a mangagauay in which they can kill anyone without the use of any medicine. They can also heal those who are ill.

Hocloban

They would tear out and eat the liver of those they saw were wearing white.

Silagan

They would go out at night without their heads and put it back into their bodies before the sun rise

Magtatangal

Tribesmen reported that they saw who can fly and murdered a man and ate his flesh.

Osuang

They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood which would infuse the heart with love

Mangagayoma

This devil helped people to die. They can also know if the soul they helped to die can either be saved or not.

Sonat

These are men who are in the nature of a woman.

Bayoguin

They can predict the future.

Pangatahojan

a blue bird as large as a turtle-dove) song had two forms: a good omen, and a bad omen. they would go home in fear that evil would befall them if they continued their journey.

Tigmamanuguin bird

belief that is not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, but is connected with old ideas about magic, luck, and etc.

Superstition (pamahiin)

In burying the dead, the corpse would be placed beside its house and be mourned at for __ days. It will then be laid on a ___ which serves as a coffin which is guarded by a ___. The grief of the relatives of the deceased is followed by ___ and ____.

4 - boat - slave - eating and drinking.

Kainin na lang ako ng buwaya kung ako’y nagsisinungaling

Trial by Ordeal

CONTRIBUTION AND RELEVANCE OF THE DOCUMENT IN UNDERSTANDING OF THE GRAND NARRATIVE OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY

1. situation of the Philippines before it was tainted with Spanish and Christian influences. 2. contains a lot of information about the social class, political stratifications and legal system of the Tagalog region. 3. duties and responsibilities of the datus, maharlikas and alipins came from Plasencia’s account. 4. it also talks about property rights, marriage rituals, burial practices and the manner in which justice is dispensed. 5. preserved and popularized the unwritten customs, traditions, religious and superstitious beliefs of the Filipinos. 6. the functioning government, tax system, set of laws, criminal justice system, indigenous calendar and long-standing customs and traditions. 7. Priests and missionaries also read Plasencia’s Customs of the Tagalogs and Doctrina Christiana because they get a lot of insights that help and inspire them to become effective evangelizers.