HIS 103 Fall Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
New England Colonies – Puritans, economy
Puritans regulated forms of worship and they had good economies, these were the Northern states of the thirteen colonies
Middle Colonies – Quakers/William Penn, Benjamin Franklin
Quakers were peaceful Christians trying to make a movement, William Penn was the founder of Pennsylvania and a Quaker, Benjamin Franklin was a founding father, these were the middle states of the thirteen colonies
Southern Colonies – Tobacco, slave labor, Pocahontas/John Smith
These were the southern states of the thirteen original colonies, tobacco was the major crop for trade and running the economy, they used slaves for labor, Pocahontas was with her tribe when John Smith came and “saved her life” from being taken
Southwestern Colonies – Catholic Missions, conquistadors
These were the southwestern states of the thirteen colonies, Catholic Missions were here and worked hard to spread their religion, Spanish conquistadors came and took over the land for themselves
French and Indian War
The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, Seven Years War, caused conflict leading to the Revolutionary War
Lexington and Concord
the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War
Articles of Confederation Weaknesses and Strengths
Strengths: The creation of policies for Western lands, The Treaty of Paris, Land Ordinance of 1785, Northwest Ordinance, a significant steppingstone towards the current Constitution, established Postal Service, would have never took the leap from old boycott Association of 1774 to the Constitution now
Weaknesses: It was too weak, this was because many Americans feared that the government would be too powerful, thus creating a loose framework, states could develop their own policies, there was no executive or judicial branch, the government was lucky if in any year it received one fourth of this requests from tax quotas, each state had a single vote, anarchy
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
It made the standards for admittance of the new states into the union
Great Compromise
small and large states needed equal representation given to the constitutional convention
3/5 Compromise
southern and northern states compromised
Federalists
They favorited the stronger federal government, they believe the Constitution was powerful and important, needed more than just the legislature, Hamilton’s views, achieved ratification of the Constitution, they were able to compromise, but still get what they wanted overall in the first place, got more than just the legislature
Hamilton’s plans
a private institution with the government as the major stockholder, print an urgently needed paper currency, provide a strongbox for surplus federal funds, and keep money in circulation, needed a National Bank, Constitution needed to be taken loosely and broad, no Bill of Rights
Louisiana Purchase
the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles) by the United States from France in 1803
War of 1812
was a military conflict, lasting for two and a half years, fought by the United States of America against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, its North American colonies and its Native American allies
“Corrupt Bargain” of 1824
A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.
Jacksonian Democracy
is the political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters
Manifest Destiny
the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable
Immigration during antebellum period
Immigrants were treated horribly by the U.S. Nativists and they lived hard lives and worked hard jobs
Reform Movements
a kind of social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society, rather than rapid or fundamental changes. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements.
economic differences between North and South
North: more factories and manufacturing, blooming, less taxes, good jobs
South: failing, more crops and farming, bad jobs, slaves, more taxes
advantages and disadvantages of Union and Confederates
Union: advantages were they were stronger, had slaves fighting, they were defending, they had more weapons. Disadvantages were they didn’t have attics like the South
Confederates: disadvantages were they weren’t defending so it was harder, they had a lesser economy, no weapons, no slaves wanted to fight. Advantages were they had special tactics
Presidential vs. Congressional Reconstruction
Presidential: more forgiving, only 10%
Congressional: wanted all of it, not as forgiving
Italian Immigration
They were not really recognized that much, not discriminated as much as the Chinese, but not loved like the Europeans
Hessians
18th-century German auxiliaries contracted for military service by the British government, who found it easier to borrow money to pay for their service than to recruit its own soldiers
Loyalists
they are there thanks to the crown and the Parliament, which they have forgotten and they would suffer the real tyranny of the democratic mob and not just the King, should stay, they should be building bridges to allies in London not tearing them down and a British-American council showed be formed with representatives from each of the 13 colonies.
