HIS 101 Test 3 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What percentage of the population was directly involved in feudal tenure
A
10%
2
Q
What were the three basic elements that made up feudalism
A
- Personal element of vassalage
- property elements of the fief
- government element
3
Q
Where was feudalism most thoroughly developed
A
France in the 9th - 12th centuries
4
Q
What was the major development benefits that feudalism provided for medieval society
A
Help to stabilize everyone on the local level and laid the foundation for a future recovery after 1000 A.D.
5
Q
Who made up the feudal pyramid
A
King, Duke, count, Baron, knight
6
Q
What were Lord vassal relationships
A
The Lord gave a fief to the vassal who paid a rent
7
Q
What were fiefs
A
Payment
8
Q
What were tenants in chief
A
Vassals of the king
9
Q
How many members within the feudal pyramid could be both a Lord and a vassal
A
all of them except the king and the knight
10
Q
In the early days of feudalism what happened to a fief when the vassal died
A
The thief went back to the lord
11
Q
What was the common mode of inheritance in much of Europe after the 9th century
A
Primogeniture - first son inheritance
12
Q
What were feudal incidents
A
No heir, a minor, or a female
13
Q
Why was there a problem of conflict of loyalty is with in the pyramid
A
Vassalage to more than one lord
14
Q
What is a general definition of manorialism
A
Economic and social system
15
Q
What percentage of the population was directly involved in manorialism
A
90%
16
Q
What were the basic features of a medieval Manor
A
100 to 2000 acres of arable land villages for a labor force pastureland wasteland water supply and a forest
17
Q
How was a manner farmed
A
Self-sufficient open field cooperative two or three field system
18
Q
How many acres did an average peasant farm on a mannor
A
30 acres
19
Q
Why were crop yields so low
A
- Violence of the era
- Done by hand
- Poor seed
- Lack of fertilizer, insecticides and pesticides
20
Q
How much of his labor and crop did the average peasant owe his Lord
A
Half
21
Q
What was “God’s peace “
A
A peasant priest on the manner
22
Q
What was the status of peasants on a mannor
A
It varied most were serfs bound to the land but not slaves
23
Q
Who represented the Lord on a mannor if he was not in residence
A
A bailiff or a steward
24
Q
Who represented the peasants
A
A Reeve
25
What were the features of the agricultural revolution that gained momentum after 1000 A.D.
1. Greater use of the three field system 2. Clearing and reclamation of land 3. Greater use of the horse for. Raising of sheep 5. Greater use of the Ironwheel to plow 6. Specialization 7. Better weather from 1000 to 1300 A.D. 8. Advances in metallurgy and Mining nine. 9. Greater use of wind and water power
26
What were the results of the agricultural revolution
Surplus of food increase specialization and it contributed to the recovery in the high middle ages from 1000 to 1300 AD
27
Where did the Frank's originally settle
France and other Germanic kingdoms
28
What were the two Royal dynasties of the Frank's
Merovingian and Carolingian
29
What role did Clovis play in Frankish history
United the two Frank is tribes took over Roman Gaul and converted to Christianity in 466 AF
30
Who were the do nothing kings From 639 to 751 AD
Physically weak, did nothing, and basically figureheads
31
What role did the mayors of the palace play it during the do-nothing Kings era
They were the real Kings while the king was more of a figurehead
32
Why was Charles Martel important in Frankish history
Defeated the Moslems developed a heavy Mountain Calvary and promoted missionary work
33
Why was Pepin the short important in Frankish history
First king after the do nothing kings era and defeated the Lombards
34
What is a general definition of feudalism
A political and military system
35
What was the Carolingian Renaissance
it was a renaissance of education
36
Where was the Carolingian Renaissance centered
Palace school of accen and frankish monestaries
37
What were the Carolingian renaissance is major accomplishments
Preservation of 8000 works of literature, school curriculum established, standardize Latin, minuscule hand writing
38
What took Charlemagne's empire after his death
Feudalism and manorialism
39
who were Hugh Capet and the Capetians
Hugh was the dude that was chosen to lead France and the Capetians were his line of rulers
40
How much territory did Hugh Capet control in 987
Only Isle de France
41
What was the major accomplishment of Philip Augustus
Tripled the realm of the Capetians and develop the Royal government
42
What was the major accomplishment of Louis IX
Made France number one politically militarily and economically and culturally
43
What was the major accomplishment of Philip the fair
Battle of the English, the Pappasito and expelled the Jews and dissolved the nights Templar
44
What process was complete in France by the end of Louis the 11th reign
The union of France
45
What was the status of France in European politics by 1500
#2
46
What Germanic groups conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries
The Anglo-Saxons
47
What was the heptarchy
Seven monarchs
48
What impact of the Vikings have on England between the eighth and 11th century's
Raids, Settlements, Total conquest, Viking empire, fucked shit up in general, stole everything then went home
49
What role did duke William of Normandy play in English history
He was the successor of Edward the Confessor
50
How did the church deal with the need for periodic reform
It had a roller coaster of reforms from the 9th to 16th centuries
51
What was the state and position of the church in 1500
Still super powerful but people had doubts:
* Legalistic
* Formal
* Caustious
* Defensive
* Bureaucrataic
* Secular
52
How many Crusades were there and which one was the most successful which one was most spectacular and which one was most damaging
There were nine crusades first was most successful third most spectacular and fourth most damaging
53
Who was Popo urban the second
The Popo called for the Crusades
54
What was the importance of the Council of Clearmont
Urban II addressing layman and churchmen to do the Crusades
55
What were the Papel motivations for participating in this movement
Enhance papal prestige, reunite the two churches
| divert christian warriors and retake the holy land
56
What were the major results of the crusading movement
The failed expansion of Europe, negative effect on the Byzantine empire and aided European nobles it impacted the commercial revolution by increasing demand for Italy's luxury goods
57
What was the Frank's status during the Early Middle Ages
They were the leading group
58
Why was Charlemagne the dominant personality of his age?
He ruled over the dominant state of the age and was considered to be the father of Europe.
59
How large was charlamagne's realm
300 counts/countries
60
How did charlamagne govern and expand his realm?
He went on 52 campaigns and used the missi cominici, which were special agents
61
What was the most famous event during charlamagne's career?
The christmas day crowning when he was crowed emperor of the west.
62
what royal family took the place of the Capetians in 1328?
House of valois
63
Who distputed the take over of the Valois in 1328?
Edward II of England
64
What were the long-range causes of the hundred years war?
The status of the Angevin Empire, Control of the English Channel and the status of scotland
65
What were the immediate causes of the hundred years war?
Edward II claiming the French Throne
66
Why was the medieval church so important and powerful during the Middle Ages
Most wealthy, provided social mobiliity, church was a big part of the average peasants life
67
what roles did the medieval church carry out during the middle ages?
Religious, economic, political, cultural, and Social
68
How did the church deal with the need for periodic reform?
Rollercoaster syndrom
69
What was the relationship between chruch and state during the early high and latee middle ages?
Early: State had the power
High: Church had the power
Late: Church got cocky, monarch rules the church now instead of the pope
70
What factors gave the church its greatest power and prestige during the high middle ages (1000-1500AD)?
Best leadership and organization, it had 1/3 of the wealth, it had canon law, it had the 7 sacrements, the church councils and images of power
71
What was the state and position of the church in 1500?
Still the most powerful and influential institution of the age but people thought it was legalistic, cautious, defensive, bureaucratic and secular.
72
What happened to charlemagne's empire in Germany after his death in 814
dissolved into 5 stem duchies each with its own duke and one is selected to be king
73
who were Henry the Fowler and Otto I
German emperors
74
what did Henry the Fowler accomplish during his reign of Germany?
Made Germany the strongest state, controlled germany, Italy, the church and much of eastern Europe
75
What did Otto I accomplish during his reign of Germany?
he controlled the duchies and the defeated the Magyars
76
what was the status of the holy roman empire and emperor's power in 1056
Two trends - weakened and disunited
77
what were the factors that led to the holy roman empire becoming weakened and decentralized by 1300
revived church led by aggressive popes. strong nobility favoring decentralization. cradled the alps
78
What were the economic conditions during the Early Middle Ages (500 - 1000 AD)
rural and agricultural, there were three classes (fighting, praying, and working), slow population growth
79
What were the economic conditions during The High Middle Ages (1000-1300)
Greater security, European expansion, population doubling, decline of feudalism and manorialism
80
what were cities like during the middle ages?
awful, shit in the streets, everything was on fire, everyone was sick, but parties were lit
81
why did people settle in cities during the middle ages?
Jobs, more people, more fun
82
What was home rule and commune
Home rule was when someone runs their own local affairs but has someone above them, commune was completely independent
83
Where were the largest towns during the Middle ages?
Italy
84
What role did guilds play in the Middle Ages?
Served political, social, educational, religious and econoomic roles
85
how did one become a member of guilds?
Became an apprentice
86
What were the weaknesses of guilds?
didn't work in a depression or recession and discouraged progression
87
What were the most important economic centered during the middle ages?
The med, Flanders and the Baltic
88
What was the importance of trade fairs during the Middle Ages
Increased local and international trade
89
Where was the most important trade fair held?
Champagne
90
What were pie powdered courts and law merchants?
Courts to settle trade disputes, lawyers
91
why was the transportation of goods such a challenge during the middle ages?
Hard to protect goods and lots of tolls
92
why were goods like spices so expensive?
They came from far away
93
what were some of the major commercial advances during the middle ages?
Refined business techniques, partnerships, insurance, bills of exchange, arabic numerals, banking
94
What roles did the de Medici and Fugger families play in the economic expansion of the middle ages?
Fuggers were the richest family of the age and the de Midici family developed the florin
95
what was the florin?
the visa card of the age
96
how did an economic revival contribute to a general recover during the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD)?
Made Europe richer and laid the foundations for capitalism, provided greateer opportunities, stimulated european culture
97
what were the ingredients that made up european civilisation?
greco-roman culture, christianity, german hertiage
98
When did medieval civilisation reach its zenith
the high middle ages
99
How did Feudalism and manorialism connect up together
Fiefs were the manors or villas that were accepted
100
What two threats to their power did the capetians face?
French Vassals and the Angevin Empire
101
What was the Angevin Empire?
People going up against the Capetians
102
What specific means diid they employ to control more territory and population?
any means; feudal law, roman law, purchases, marriages, diplomacy, war and religion
103
What royal family took the place of the capetians in 1328?
Valois
104
Who disputed the succession of the Valois family taking place of the capetians in 1328?
Edward III of England
105
What were the immediate causes of the Hundred Years war?
Edward III being denied the French throne in favor of Philip VI
106
What were the long-range causes of the Hundred Years war?
Control of the English Channel and Flanders
107
What was the first phase of the Hundred years war?
English won pretty much all the important battles, everyone thought they were gonna win
108
What was the second phase of the Hundred Years war
Joan of Arc fucked shit up and France won
109
What was the outcome of the Hundred Years war?
France won
110
What process was complete in France by the end of the Louis XI's reign?
The unification of France
111
What was the significance of the War of the Roses?
Henry II defeated Richard III and became king, Richard was killed but not found until the 20th century
112
What Germanic group ruled the Iberian peninsula from the 5th to 8th century?
Visigoths
113
What impact did the moslems have on the Iberian peninsula from 711 to 1492?
* they were there for 700 years
* A family set up a dynasty
* they were on the trade routes
* Super big big culture
114
What was the Reconquista?
Christians wanted to end moslem power in spain
115
How long did the Reconquista take to carry out?
500 to 700 ish years
116
Who completed the Reconquista in 1492?
Ferdinand and Isabella
117
What were major developments that affected spain from 1000 - 1500 A.D.?
* The kingdoms of Spain merged together to create one Spain
* Royal power and government gained power
* Religious intolerance
118
What was the status of Spain in European and world affairs by 1500?
* #1
* First global empire
* Wealthiest state
* Most Catholic
* Siglo de Oro - Greatest Cultural Era
119
What roles did Prince Henry the Navigator and the portugese play during the age of Exploration and Discovery?
They led it
120
What were the individual crusader motivations for participating in the crusades
spiritual, adventure, glory, reputation, material gain and love of fighting
