Hip Ligaments & Joint Structures Flashcards
Acetabular Labrum - Function
Fibrocartilage
- Increase bony fit - increase diameter & depth of acetabulum
- Decrease compressional stress (distribute force)
Path of Foveolar Artery
Comes off Obturator Artery –> through Acetabular notch (gap in articular cartilage) –> fovea capitis, supplies femoral head
Transverse Ligament (location/function)
Across acetabular notch (links bone to same bone- unusual!) Intrinsic
1. Protective barrier - lets foveolar artery pass without getting pinched
Ligamentum Teres of Head of Femur
Acetabular notch to head of femur, intrinsic
1. Surrounds foveolar artery to protect it
Iliofemoral Ligament
AIIS & Acetabular rim –> Intertrochanteric line
Capsular lig, anterior femur, forms upside down “Y”
1. Limits hyperextension
2. Limits Adduction
Pubofemoral Ligament
Superior pubic ramus –> inferior femoral neck
Capsular, inside of femoral neck
1. Limits hyperextension
2. Limits ABDuction
Ischiofemoral Ligament
Ischial acetabular rim –> Intertrochanteric line
Capsular, posterior, wraps around anteriorly
1. Limits hyperextension
2. Limits Internal rotation
Close packed position of hip
Hyperextension (3 ligaments pull joint closer together)
More prone to sublux in flexion
Sacroiliac Joint - type
Gliding synovial joint
Articular surface: auricular surface of ilium
Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
Anterior auricular margins of sacrum & ilium
Capsular
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
PSIS & Auricular margins of sacrum & ilium
Capsular
Iliolumbar ligament
L4-L5 Transverse Process –> Iliac crest & anterior sacroiliac lig (Capsular)
Sacrotuberous ligament
Extrinsic
Anterior sacrum –> Ischial tuberosity
Prevent anterior tilt of sacrum (“tail sticking out)
Sacrospinous Ligament
Anterior sacrum –> Ischial spine
Extrinsic, deeper
Prevent anterior tilt of sacrum (tail sticking out)
Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina Boundaries
Greater: Greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous lig, sacrospinous lig
Lesser: Lesser sciatic notch, sacrotuberous lig, sacrospinous lig (Sacrospinous divides foramina)
Greater Sciatic Foramen Contents (from superior to inferior)
Sup Gluteal A & N Piriformis Inferior Gluteal A & N Sciatic N Post. Fem Cutaneous N Pudendal N Internal Pudendal A
Lesser Sciatic Foramen contents
Obturator Internis
Internal Pudendal Artery
Pudendal N
Sagittal Plane Normal ROM
140º Flexion –> 20º Hyperextension
Frontal Plane Normal ROM
50º ABDuction
30º Adduction
Transverse Plane Normal ROM
30º ER
40º IR
Pelvic Tilt Right + movements at hip + agonists
Right side pelvis falls inferior
L hip Adduction (Contralateral agonist)
R hip ABDuction (Ipsilateral agonist)
Criteria to be Primary Mover for a motion
- Greatest XS area (force production: size vs pennation angle)
- Greatest moment arm (line of pull furthest from axis)
Self Antagonistic Muscles - examples
- Adductor magnus (ant flexes + IR, post extends + ER)
- Gluteus maximus (upper ABD, lower Add)
- Glut med & min (ant. flex/IR, post. ext/ER)
Trendelenburg/Duchenne Gait
Weak hip adductors
Stance phase: pelvis drops to contralateral side OR trunk lean over stance leg to stop pelvic drop
Anteversion of femoral head
Transverse plane, line from head of femur to greater troch
15º anteversion is normal (head facing anteriorly)
Origin on Ischial Tuberosity (6)
Gemellus inferior Quadratus femoris Biceps femoris long head Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Adductor magnus (+ ischial ramus)
Insertion on Greater Trochanter (6)
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis (medial greater troch:) Gemelli superior & inferior & obturator internis
Attachments to fibular head (6)
- Biceps Femoris
- Peroneus longus (+ prox lat fibula)
- Soleus (+ neck, soleal line tibia)
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Arcuate popliteal ligament
- Ant&post ligaments of fibular head
