Hip/Leg

Question 1

how do you classify femoral head fractures?

Answer 1

pipkin classification

Question 2

what is a pipkin type 1 fracture?

Answer 2

femoral head, small fracture below fovea/ligamentum, doesn’t involve weight-bearing portion of femoral head

Question 3

what is a pipkin type 2 fracture?

Answer 3

femoral head, larger fracture above fovea/ligamentum, involves weight-bearing portion of femoral head

Question 4

what is a pipkin type 3 fracture?

Answer 4

femoral head type 1 or 2 w/ associated femoral neck fracture

Question 5

what is a pipkin type 4 fracture?

Answer 5

femoral head type 1 or 2 w/ associated acetabular fracture (usually posterior wall)

Question 6

what is the plane for an anterolateral (Watson-Jones) approach to the hip?

Answer 6

TFL and glut medius (both superior gluteal nerve)

Question 7

what is the most significant determinant of post-op survival in a hip fracture?

Answer 7

pre-injury mobility

Question 8

how do you classify femoral neck fractures?

Answer 8

garden classification

Question 9

what is a garden type 1 fracture?

Answer 9

incomplete femoral neck fracture

Question 10

what is a garden type 2 fracture?

Answer 10

complete femoral neck fracture, nondisplaced

Question 11

what is a garden type 3 fracture?

Answer 11

complete femoral neck fracture, partially displaced

Question 12

what is a garden type 4 fracture?

Answer 12

complete femoral neck fracture, fully displaced

Question 13

what area is considered sub-troch?

Answer 13

from lesser troch to 5 cm distal

Question 14

what meds are risk factors for sub-troch fractures?

Answer 14

denosumab or bisphosphonate use

Question 15

what are the deforming forces on the proximal fragment in a sub-troch fracture?

Answer 15

abduction (glut medius/minimus), flexion (iliopsoas), external rotation (short external rotators)

Question 16

what are the deforming forces on the distal fragment in a sub-troch fracture?

Answer 16

adduction and shortening (adductors)

Question 17

how do you classify sub-troch fractures?

Answer 17

russel-taylor classification

Question 18

what is a russel-taylor type 1 fracture?

Answer 18

sub-troch with no extension into piriformis fossa

Question 19

what is a russel-taylor type 2 fracture?

Answer 19

sub-troch with extension into greater troch and piriformis fossa

Question 20

how do you classify femoral shaft fractures?

Answer 20

winquist and hansen classification

Question 21

what is a hansen type 1 fracture?

Answer 21

femoral shaft, no comminution

Question 22

what is a hansen type 2 fracture?

Answer 22

femoral shaft, insignificant amount of comminution

Question 23

what is a hansen type 3 fracture?

Answer 23

femoral shaft, greater than 50% cortical contact

Question 24

what is a hansen type 4 fracture?

Answer 24

femoral shaft, less than 50% cortical contact?

Question 25

what is a hansen type 5 fracture?

Answer 25

femoral shaft, segmental fracture, no contact between proximal and distal fragment

Question 26

what is a hoffa fracture

Answer 26

coronal plane fracture of the femoral condyle (usually lateral)

Question 27

schatzker type 1

Answer 27

lateral split fracture

Question 28

schatzker type 2

Answer 28

lateral split-depressed fracture

Question 29

schatzker type 3

Answer 29

lateral pure depression fracture

Question 30

schatzker type 4

Answer 30

medial plateau fracture

Question 31

schatzker type 5

Answer 31

bicondylar fracture

Question 32

schatzker type 6

Answer 32

metaphyseal-diaphyseal disassociation

Question 33

what is the most common injury a/w a schatzker type 2?

Answer 33

lateral meniscal tear followed by LCL or PCL injury

Question 34

how do you classify pilon/tibial plafond fractures?

Answer 34

ruedi and allgower classification

Question 35

what is a type 1 pilon fracture?

Answer 35

nondisplaced

Question 36

what is a type 2 pilon fracture?

Answer 36

simple displacement with incongruous joint

Question 37

what is a type 3 pilon fracture?

Answer 37

comminuted articular surface

Question 38

what are the characteristic fragments of a pilon fracture?

Answer 38

medial mal, anterior mal (chaput), lateral mal (wagstaffe), posterior mal (volkmann)

Question 39

what xr view assessed deltoid ligament in an ankle fracture?

Answer 39

external rotation stress (gravity)

Question 40

what is a bosworth fracture-dislocation?

Answer 40

posterior dislocation of the fibula behind the incisura fibularis

Question 41

weber A

Answer 41

infrasyndesmotic

Question 42

weber B

Answer 42

transyndesmotic

Question 43

Weber C

Answer 43

suprasyndesmotic

Question 44

how do you classify talar neck fractures?

Answer 44

hawkins

Question 45

Hawkins type 1

Answer 45

nondisplaced

Question 46

Hawkins type 2

Answer 46

subtalar dislocation

Question 47

Hawkins type 3

Answer 47

subtalar and tibiotalar disclocation

Question 48

Hawkins type 4

Answer 48

subtalar, tibiotalar, and talonavicular dislocation