Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics Exam 2 > Hip Joint Complex > Flashcards

Hip Joint Complex Flashcards

1
Q

congruence

A

the body surface area contact between the 2 adjoining bones at a synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

high congruence = ?

A

lots of surface area contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

congruence usually relates to ____

A

stability
-most congruence = most stable
-NOT TRUE FOR THE HIP, but generally true for most joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

joint stability

A

a resistance to dislocation or going into an unhealthy ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

joint laxity

A

how much a joint can move around
-how much play it has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

close packed

A

the most congruent position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

loose packed

A

-the least congruent position
-instability at the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

head, arms, + trunk (HAT)

A

lump sum mass of the upper torso, including the limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anthropometrics

A

making measurements of the body, specific to an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the sex difference for the sacroiliac (SI) joint

A

women have higher joint laxity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the ligaments across the SI joint
-and the reason why

A

there are very strong ligaments across the SI joint
-for stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the hip joint

A

coxofemoral joint
-also called femoroacetabular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is another name for coxofemoral joint

A

femoroacetabular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the coxofemoral joint

A

one of the largest, most congruent, + most stable joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the articulation of the coxofemoral joint between

A

os coxa + femoral head
-the femur articulates with all 3 bones of the os coxa since they split the acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of joint is the coxofemoral joint

A

-diarthrodial/synovial joint
-ball + socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many df does the coxofemoral joint have

A

3 rotational df
-sagittal- flexion/extension
-frontal- abduction/adduction
-transverse- medial/lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

primary function of the coxofemoral joint

A

to support the weight of the HAT
-both in the static posture (upright) + dynamic postures (walking, running, stairclimbing, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

acetabulum

A

socket of the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the acetabulum covered with

A

articular catilage that thickens perpetually at the rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the orientation of the acetabulum

A

faces obliquely anteriorly, laterally, + inferiorly
-this varies by person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

someone with a more anteriorly facing acetabulum has a narrower/wider squat form

A

narrower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the thickening of the acetabulum

A

thickened by the labrum, which contains free endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

labrum

A

fibrocartilage on the acetabulum rim
-contains free nerve endings to serve a pain + proprioceptive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe the acetabulum when unloaded

A

acetabulum has smaller diameter than femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

describe the acetabulum when loaded

A

acetabulum forms around the femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

femur

A

ball side of the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

describe the size of the femoral head

A

slightly larger than a hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

describe the orientation of the neck of the femur in articulation

A

articulates superiorly, anterioly, + medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

describe the amount of movement at the sarcoiliac joint (SI)

A

small movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

describe the sex difference in the SI joint

A

higher joint laxity for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

describe the ligaments across the SI joint

A

very strong ligaments for stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what movement occurs at the SI joint

A

nutation/counternutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

nutation/counternutation

A

rotation of the sacrum in the sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

nutation

A

sacrum tipping forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

counternutation

A

sacrum tipping backward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

describe SI load transmission

A

shear forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

shear forces

A

move in opposite directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Wolff’s law

A

-stress adaptation of internal structure over time
-the bone will remodel in response to repetitive loading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

using Wolff’s law, what bone’s (2) internal structures develop in response to loads

A

-pelvis
-femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what type of bone do we see Wolff’s law occur in

A

spongy/trabecular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is the result of normal weight bearing of the HAT

A

bending stresses in the shaft of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

when there is loading, how does the femur orient + how does this effect the femur?

A

femur deflects our laterally when there is loading
-causes tensil stress on the outside
-causes compressive stress on the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

stability

A

-the ability to resist dislocation
-resistance to movement while staying in a healthy ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

factors that influence stability

A

-shape + congruence of bones
-supporting structures (ligaments, muscles, joint capsule, cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

how many capsular ligaments provide stability to the hip joint

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

name the 3 capsular ligaments of the hip joint

A

-ischiofemoral ligament
-iliofemoral ligament
-pubofemoral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

name 2 characteristics of the 3 capsular ligaments of the hip joint

A

-all become taut with hip extension
-continuous with joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is the strongest ligament at the hip

A

iliofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

ischiofemoral ligament is anterior/posterior

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

ischiofemoral ligament gets taut during which action

A

hip extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

fan-shaped ligament that resembles an inverted y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

iliofemoral ligament becomes taut during which 2 actions

A

-hyperextension
-hip extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

forms a z on the anterior capsule with the iliofemoral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

pubofemoral ligament becomes taut during which 2 actions

A

-hip extension
-hip abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

how many intracapsular ligaments does the joint have

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

what is the intracapsular ligament of the hip

A

ligamentum teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

ligamentum teres

A

-secondary stabilizer preventing dislocation
-conduit for blood supply
-contains innervation for pain sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

hip position: max bony congruence/contact

A

flexed, abducted, external rotation
-frog-legged position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

dos the hip’s position of max bony congruence have the highest stability

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

hip position: most stable

A

extension, slight abduction, internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

for the hip’s most stable position, what does extension do

A

further tightens the capsular ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

hip position: least stable

A

flexion + adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

angle of Wilberg

A

angle between vertical line drawn from the center of the femoral head to the bony edge of its acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what does the angle of Wilberg measure

A

approximate measure of superior weight-bearing surface’s (lunate surface) inferior tilt of acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what is the superior weight-bearing surface of the acetabulum called

A

lunate surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what is another name for the angle of Wilberg

A

center edge angle

68
Q

more downwards tilt = larger/smaller angle of Wilberg = more/less stress = decreased/increased risk of dislocation = smaller/larger ROM

A

more downwards tilt = larger angle of Wilberg = less stress = increased risk of dislocation = smaller ROM

69
Q

smaller angle of Wilberg = smaller/learger load bearing surface = decreased/increased risk of superior dislocation = smaller/larger ROM

A

smaller angle of Wilberg = smaller load bearing surface = increased risk of superior dislocation = larger ROM

70
Q

what deepends the acetabulum

A

labrum

71
Q

how does the femoral neck angulate

A

so that the head usually faces medially, superiorly, + anteriorly

72
Q

what is the weakest part of the femur

A

neck

73
Q

inclination angle

A

neck to shaft angle
-superior/inferior inclination

74
Q

inclination angle decreases/increases with age

A

decreases

75
Q

sex difference in inclination angle

A

generally smaller in females due to a more cantilevered neck

76
Q

anteversion angle

A

anterior/posterior angulation

77
Q

anteversion corresponds to internal/external rotation

A

internal

78
Q

anteversion = toe in/out gait

A

toe in

79
Q

retroversion corresponds to internal/external rotation

A

external rotation

80
Q

retroversion = toe in/out gait

A

toe out

81
Q

what do inclination angles focus

A

moment arm of the joint

82
Q

coxa valga

A

pathologically high inclination angle

83
Q

coxa vara

A

pathologically low inclination angle

84
Q

does coxa valga/vara have a larger moment arm

A

coxa vara
-therefore generates more torque

85
Q

what type of stress does the neck experience in coxa vara

A

torsional stress

86
Q

what type of stress does the neck experience in coxa valga

A

compressional stress

87
Q

what muscles attach onto the greater trochanter

A

abductor muscles
-mainly gluteus medius

88
Q

coxa valga = smaller/larger moment arm = less/more force NEEDED to generate the same force as coxa vara

A

smaller moment arm = more force needed

89
Q

does coxa vara/valga have a larger ROM

A

coxa valga

90
Q

costs of coxa valga

A

-tends to cause higher joint reaction forces bearing down on articular cartilage of femoral head
-causes bending load since forces are all on one end

91
Q

angle of anteversion/torsion

A

-intersection of the long axis of femoral head + transverse axis of the femoral condyles
-morphological torsion of femur from proximal to distal end

92
Q

anteversion

A

pathologically high angle

93
Q

anteversion is observed during coxa vara/valga

A

coxa valga

94
Q

describe the gait of anteversion

A

toe in gait

95
Q

retroversion

A

pathologically low angle

96
Q

describe the gait of retroversion

A

-toe out gait
-external rotation during gait

97
Q

what does toe in/out gait cause

A

abnormal ground reaction force positioning

98
Q

toe in gait causes abductor/adductor moments at the knee + ankle

A

adductor

99
Q

toe in gait problems

A

adductor moments at knee + ankle can over-compress medial compartment of knee, causing osteoarthitis

100
Q

toe out gait problems

A

significantly compromised propulsion ability

101
Q

closed chain exercises

A

has distal end of limb fixed to an immovable surface

102
Q

2 examples of closed chain exercises

A

-squat
-push up

103
Q

open chain exercises

A

involve movement of the distal end of the limb

104
Q

2 examples of open chain exercises

A

-leg extension
-bicep curl

105
Q

the hip complex movements are considered to be open/closed chain

A

closed chain
-walking, running, squatting

106
Q

how many planes of closed chain mechanics for hip

A

3

107
Q

name the 3 planes of closed chain mechanics for the hip

A

-sagittal
-transverse
-coronal

108
Q

describe the fixed ends of the chain during a closed chain movement of the hip

A

-head + chest remain upright
-feet rooted to the floor

109
Q

what is part of the closed chain system

A

-pelvic girdle
-lumbar spine
-ankle
-knees
-hip joints

110
Q

sagittal plane motion of pelvis

A

anterior/posterior pelvic tilt

111
Q

anterior pelvic tilt

A

brings ASIS anterior + inferior
-looks like back is arched

112
Q

2 movements of anterior pelvic tilt

A

-hip flexion
-lumbar extension

113
Q

posterior pelvic tilt

A

brings pubis up

114
Q

2 movements of posterior pelvic tilt

A

-hip extension
-lumbar flexion

115
Q

transverse plane motion of pelvis

A

pelvic rotation

116
Q

left forward rotation

A

-medial rotation at right hip
-lumbar left rotation

-causes pidgin toed position (toe in) position corresponding to internal rotation of left hip

117
Q

left backward rotation

A

-external rotation at right hip
-lumbar right rotation

-foot turned out

118
Q

coronal plane motion of pelvis

A

lateral pelvic tilt

119
Q

lateral pelvic tilt

A

-one hip joint serves as pivot point/axis
-opposite iliac crest elevates/drops

120
Q

summary of pelvic motion

left hip drop:
-right hip ___
-left hip ___
-lumbar ___

A

-right hip adduction
-left hip abduction
-lumbar right lateral flexion

121
Q

summary of pelvic motion

right hip drop:
-right hip ___
-left hip ___
-lumbar ___

A

-right hip abduction
-left hip adduction
-lumbar left lateral flexion

122
Q

summary of pelvic motion

anterior pelvic tilt:
-right hip ___
-left hip ___
-lumbar ___

A

-right hip flexion
-left hip flexion
-lumbar extension

123
Q

summary of pelvic motion

posterior pelvic tilt:
-right hip ___
-left hip ___
-lumbar ___

A

-right hip extension
-left hip extension
-lumbar flexion

124
Q

summary of pelvic motion

left forward rotation (right foot planted):
-right hip ___
-left hip ___
-lumbar ___

A

-right hip medial rotation
-left hip open chain
-lumbar left rotation

125
Q

summary of pelvic motion

left backward rotation (right foot planted):
-right hip ___
-left hip ___
-lumbar ___

A

-right hip lateral rotation
-left hip open chain
-lumbar right rotation

126
Q

pelvifemoral rhythm

A

in order to maximize the ROM of the distal segment (femoral head), multiple joints are used
-similar to scapulohumeral rhythm of shoulder

127
Q

describe the pelvifemoral rhythm of a squat’s butt wink

A

-posterior pelvic tilt that occurs at the bottom of the squat because you hit end ROM of hip flexion at the coxofemoral joint
-to go deeper after hitting end ROM of the ball + socket, you must posteriorly tilt the pelvis + flex the lumbar spine to maintained closed chain + keep balance

128
Q

Tredelenberg gait

A

-lean towrads stance leg during single leg stance
-return to upright during double leg support
-produces trunk swaying (waddling)

129
Q

Tredelenberg gait results from…

A

weak hip abductor muscles which cause pelvic drop

130
Q

canes are used for…

A

weak abductor muscles

131
Q

which side should a cane be used

A

contralateral side to the affected leg

132
Q

why is using a cane on the contralateral side beneficial

A

-provides a counter torque to the force of gravity, reducing the need for the abductor muscle force
-maintains a neutral position of the pelvis in the frontal plane
-reduces the weight of the HAT

133
Q

why is using a cane on the ipsilateral/same side bad

A

it helps the force of gravity because of same torque directions
-we don’t want this

134
Q

is there any benefit to using a cane ipsilaterally

A

some benefit, but not ideal
-alleviates some of the body weight through the cane

135
Q

osteokinematics

A

refers to bone movements of the joint about axes of rotation
-flex/ext, abd/add, internal/external rotation

136
Q

arthrokinematics

A

refers to the movement at the articulating surfaces ot the joint
-rolling, spinning, gliding between contacting surfaces

137
Q

arthrokinematics

rolling

A

-references roling without slip
-new points of contact are made between both surfaces as it rolls rightward on the flat surface

138
Q

arthrokinematics

sliding/gliding

A

maintains 1 point of contact

139
Q

arthrokinematics

rolling + sliding/gliding

A

-occur in opposite directions (rolls right, slides left)
-maintains translational position but changes orientation

140
Q

what is the hip’s arthrokinematics

A

rolling + sliding/gliding
-the hip doesn’t roll out of its socket because it has both

141
Q

arthrokinematics

spinning

A

maintains stationary point of contact + bone spins around an axis

142
Q

concave

A

curved like the interior of a circle

143
Q

convex

A

curved like the exterior of a circle

144
Q

many joints of the body have what kind of relationship

A

concave-convex

145
Q

we describe joints with regard to what the concave/convex surface is doing

A

convex

146
Q

joint application of pure rolling without slip

A

would fall out of socket

147
Q

joint application of rolling with slip

A

no dislocation would occur

148
Q

flexing the knee gives the hip a lesser/greater ROM

A

greater

149
Q

***for all the following osteokinematics, a muscle that supports a movement will LIMIT the opposing movement

A
150
Q

primary + secondary muscles

hip flexion

A

1:
-iliopsoas

2:
-rectus femoris
-TFL
-sartorius

151
Q

primary + secondary muscles

hip extension

A

1:
-gluteus maximus

2:
-semitendinosus
-semimembranosus
-biceps femoris long head

152
Q

arthrokinematics for flexion/extension

A

pure spin about mediolateral axis of femoral head

153
Q

abduction/adduction has a larger ROM

A

abduction (45-50 degrees)

154
Q

abduction/adduction has a limited ROM

A

adduction (30 degrees)

155
Q

primary + secondary muscles

hip abduction

A

1:
-gluteus medius

2:
-gluteus minimus
-TFL

156
Q

primary + secondary muscles

hip adduction

A

1:
-adductor magnus

2:
-pectineus
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-gracilis
-obturator externus

157
Q

adduction arthrokinematics

A

-inferior roll
-superior gliding

158
Q

abduction arthrokinematics

A

-superior roll
-inferior gliding

159
Q

describe ROM for internal + external rotation

A

ROM for both are similar

160
Q

how is internal + external rotation usually measured

A

hip flexed 90 degrees

161
Q

primary + secondary muscles

lateral (external) rotation

A

1:
-gluteus maximus
-piriformis

2:
-quadratus femoris
-obturator internus + externus
-gemellus superior + inferior
-sartorius

162
Q

primary + secondary muscles

medial (internal) rotation

A

1:
-none

2:
-TFL
-gluteus minimus
-gluteus medius (anterior fibers)

163
Q

internal rotation arthrokinematics

A

-anterior roll
-posterior glide

164
Q

external rotation arthrokinematics

A

-posterior roll
-anterior gliding

165
Q

Thomas test

A

lay down raise knee

-if lower thigh lifts = tight iliopsoas
-if knee extends = tight rectus femoris

166
Q

closed chain movement for the hip causes which segment to move

A

pelvic movement, not femoral

167
Q

Low inclination angle leads to…

A

Greater bending and shear loading in the neck of the femur

Biomechanics Exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions