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Biomechanics Exam 2 > HIP > Flashcards

HIP Flashcards

1
Q

nutation

A

top of sacrum tips forward
-clockwise

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2
Q

what movement occurs with nutation

A

lumbar extension

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3
Q

counternutation

A

top of sacrum tips backward
-counterclockwise

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4
Q

what movement occurs with counternutation

A

lumbar flexion

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5
Q

bending loads break first on which side

A

tension side

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6
Q

what creates the bending stresses in the femoral shaft

A

normal weight bearing of the HAT

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7
Q

in which directions does the femur naturally curve

A

-out
-forward

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8
Q

what sides of the femur have tension

A

-lateral
-anterior

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9
Q

what sides of the femur have compression

A

-medial
-posterior

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10
Q

what causes the stress line at the superior acetabulum

A

upright movement

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11
Q

what causes the stress lines at the sit bone

A

sitting

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12
Q

what causes the stress lines along the pubic ramus

A

-tensioned when sitting
-compressed when upright walking, etc.

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13
Q

name the stress lines on the femoral head

A

medial compressive system

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14
Q

name the stress lines on the greater trochanter

A

trochanter system

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15
Q

name the stress lines moving from the femoral neck to the head

A

lateral tensile system

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16
Q

name the area in the middle without stress

A

zone of weakness

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17
Q

flexion arthrokinematics

A

pure spin about mediolateral axis of femoral head

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18
Q

extension arthrokinematics

A

pure spin about the mediolateral axis of femoral head

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19
Q

abduction arthrokinematics

A

superior roll inferior glide

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20
Q

adduction arthrokinematics

A

inferior roll superior glide

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21
Q

internal rotation arthrokinematics

A

anterior roll posterior glide

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22
Q

external rotation arthrokinematics

A

posterior roll anterior glide

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23
Q

3 closed chain movements

A

-anterior/posterior pelvic tilt
-forward/backward pelvic rotation
-left/right lateral pelvic tilt (hip drop)

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24
Q

what plane of motion does anterior/posterior pelvic tilt occur in

A

sagittal

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25
Q

what plane of motion does forward/backward rotation occur in

A

transverse

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26
Q

what plane of motion does left/right lateral pelvic tilt (hip drop) occur in

A

frontal

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27
Q

2 movements of anterior pelvic tilt

A

-hip flexion
-lumbar extension

28
Q

2 movements of posterior pelvic tilt

A

-hip extension
-lumbar flexion

29
Q

2 movements of left forward rotation

A

-right hip internal rotation (toe in)
-lumbar left rotation

30
Q

2 movements of left backward rotation

A

-right hip external rotation (toe out)
-lumbar right rotation

31
Q

3 movements of left hip drop

A

-right hip adduction
-left hip abduction
-lumbar right lateral flexion

32
Q

3 movements of right hip drop

A

-right hip abduction
-left hip adduction
-lumbar left lateral flexion

33
Q

max bony congruence of the hip

A

flexed, abducted, external rotation

34
Q

most stable position of hip

A

extension, slight abduction, internal rotation
-extension further tightens capsular ligaments

35
Q

least stable position of hip

A

flexion, adduction

36
Q

the 3 capsular ligaments all get taut with …

A

hip extension

37
Q

location of ischiofemoral ligament

A

posterior

38
Q

location of iliofemoral ligament

A

anterior superior

39
Q

location of pubofemoral ligament

A

anterior inferior

40
Q

iliofemoral ligament also gets taut with

A

hyperextension

41
Q

pubofemoral ligament also gets taut with

A

hip abduction

42
Q

which is the strongest ligament at the hip

A

iliofemoral

43
Q

ligamentum teres

A

-secondary stabilizer preventing dislocation
-has innervation for pain sensation
-conduit for blood supply

44
Q

what causes pelvic drop

A

weak abductor muscles

45
Q

more downwards tilt = smaller/larger angle of Wiberg

A

larger

46
Q

larger angle of Wiberg = larger/smaller load-bearing surface = more/less stress = increased/decreased risk of dislocation = larger/smaller ROM

A

-larger load-bearing surface
-less stress
-decreased risk of dislocation
-smaller ROM

47
Q

inclination angle

A

angle from femoral neck to shaft

48
Q

coxa valga

A

high angle

49
Q

coxa vara

A

low angle

50
Q

coxa valga/vara has a larger moment arm

A

coxa vara

51
Q

coxa valga/vara generates more force

A

coxa vara

52
Q

coxa valga/vara has a bending load on the neck + why

A

coxa vara
-because all the forces are on 1 end

53
Q

coxa valga/vara has less ROM

A

coxa vara

54
Q

anteversion

A

high angle, anterior femur

55
Q

retroversion

A

low angle, posterior femur

56
Q

anteversion occurs during coxa vara/valga

A

coxa valga

57
Q

retroversion occurs during coxa vara/valga

A

coxa vara

58
Q

anteversion causes internal/external rotation during gait

A

internal rotation (toe in)

59
Q

retroversion causes internal/external rotation during gait

A

external rotation (toe out)

60
Q

toe in causes

A

adductor moments at knee/ankle
-overcompresses knee medial compartment
-osteoarthritis

61
Q

toe out causes

A

compromised propulsion ability

62
Q

biarticular muscles

A

-biceps femoris long head
-semimembranosus
-semitendinosus
-rectus femoris
-gastrocnemius

63
Q

what are passive insufficiency questions always about

A

limited ROM

64
Q

what are active insufficiency questions always about

A

inability to generate force

65
Q

what causes passive insufficiency

A

tension/tightness in the muscles of the opposing motion

Biomechanics Exam 2 (4 decks)

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