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Biomechanics Exam 2 > ANKLE/FOOT > Flashcards

ANKLE/FOOT Flashcards

1
Q

stability demands of foot

A

-stable base of support without unnecessary muscle activity
-rigid lever for propulsion to walk

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2
Q

mobility demands of foot

A

-conform to complex terrain
-absorb shock from weight-bearing stresses

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3
Q

close packed position for ALL foot joints

A

supination

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4
Q

loose packed position for ALL foot joints

A

pronation

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5
Q

how many df for proximal tibiofibular joint

A

2
-superior/inferior fibular sliding
-fibular rotation

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6
Q

how many df of distal tibiofibular joint

A

syndemosis- no movement

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7
Q

how many primary df of talocrural joint

A

1 with triplanar movement
-plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

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8
Q

how many df for the subtalar joint

A

1
-pronation/supination

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9
Q

how many df for metatarsophalangeal joint

A

2
-flexion/extension
-abduction/adduction

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10
Q

calcaneovalgus

A

ankle in

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11
Q

calcaneovarus

A

ankle out

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12
Q

calcaneovalgus is inversion/eversion of calcaneus

A

eversion

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13
Q

calcaneovarus is inversion/eversion of calcaneus

A

inversion

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14
Q

what plane is abduction/adduction

A

transverse

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15
Q

what plane is dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

A

sagittal

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16
Q

what plane is inversion/eversion

A

frontal

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17
Q

what type of joint is the tibiofibular joint (proximal)

A

synovial

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18
Q

articular surfaces of proximal tibiofibular joint

A

convex = tibia
concave = fibula

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19
Q

what ligament serves as fulcrum for movemnet of fibula

A

crural interosseous tibiofibular ligament

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20
Q

articular surfaces of distal tibiofibular joint

A

convex = fibula
concave = tibia

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21
Q

what is the most congruent joint in the body + why

A

talocrural joint
-due to mortise + tenon

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22
Q

what is the ankle joint

A

talocrural joint

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23
Q

what type of joint is talocrural joint

A

modified hinge joint

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24
Q

mortise of talocrural joint

A

distal fibula + tibia

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25
Q

tenon of talocrural joint

A

talus

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26
Q

which surface of the talocrural joint is the “trochlear”

A

superior

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27
Q

describe the obliquity of the axis of the subtalar joint

A

-trochlear surface of talus is a frustrum (section of a cone)
-this causes 1 df with multiplanar movement

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28
Q

medial ligaments of foot

A

-MCL/deltoid
-spring (plantar calcaneonavicular)

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29
Q

MCL/deltoid ligament function

A

prevents calcaneal valgus + checks ROM

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30
Q

lateral ligaments of foot

A

LCL

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31
Q

LCL

A

-anterior talofibular ligament
-posterior talofibular ligament
-calcaneofibular ligament

32
Q

which ligament of the LCL is most commonly torn

A

anterior talofibular ligament

33
Q

LCL function

A

checks varus stress

34
Q

MCL/LCL is weaker + more prone to injury

A

LCL
-when we roll our ankle we catch the lateral side

35
Q

another name for subtalar joint

A

talocalcaneal joint

36
Q

subtalar joint function

A

dampens rotational movement + weight bearing load

37
Q

what joints are made up of 2 joints

A

-talocalcaneonavicular joint
-transverse tarsal joint

38
Q

what joint do both the talocalcaneonavicular + transverse tarsal joints share

A

talonavicular joint

39
Q

what joints make up the talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

-talonavicular joint
-subtalar joint

40
Q

ligament for talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

spring ligament; very strong

41
Q

articular surfaces of talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

-convex = talus
-navicular = concave

42
Q

what 2 joints make up the transverse tarsal joint

A

-talonavicular joint
-calcaneocuboid joint

43
Q

what type of joint is talonavicular joint

A

ball + socket

44
Q

what type of joint is calcaneocuboid joint

A

saddle joint
-restricted

45
Q

function of transverse tarsal joint

A

-divides hindfoot + forefoot
-s-shaped

46
Q

which joint has rays

A

tarsometatarsal joint

47
Q

function of tarsometatarsal joint

A

-cupping movement
-allows foot to stay in contact during pronation/supination
-accomodates complex terrain
-acts as lever for propulsion
-links hindfoot + mid/forefoot

48
Q

which ray has the largest ROM

A

1st ray (big toe)

49
Q

which ray is the strongest/most stable

A

2nd ray

50
Q

describe the movement of each ray of the tarsometatarsal joint

A

-each ray rotates about a distinct axis
-triplanar movement

51
Q

dsecribe pronation/supination of tarsometatarsal joint

A

-pronation of hindfoot = supination of forefoot
-supination of hindfoot = pronation of forefoot
-allows foot to stay in contact with ground in complex terrain

52
Q

in weight-bearing of the counteracting movement of pronation/supination- which has pronation

A

hindfoot

53
Q

what joint does the tarsometatarsal joint work with to create the opposing pronation/supination

A

transverse tarsal joint

54
Q

what is the toe joint

A

metatarsophalangeal joint

55
Q

what type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint

A

condyloid

56
Q

metatarsophalangeal joint function

A

-allows for hinging
-evenly distributes weight across toes

57
Q

describe the obliquity of axis of the metatarsophalangeal joint

A

oblique through MTP digits 2-5

58
Q

describe the longitudinal arch

A

medial arch larger than lateral

59
Q

ligaments of longitudinal arch

A

-spring ligament
-long plantar ligament
-plantar aponeurosis
-short plantar ligament

60
Q

transverse arch is in between which bones

A

tarsals + metatarsals

61
Q

what supports transverse arch

A

peroneus longus

62
Q

what bone of the foot receives the load

A

talus

63
Q

how is the load of the foot distributed

A

-50% posteriorly
-50% anteriorly

64
Q

what parts of the foot receive 2x the load

A

-talonavicular joint
-1st ray

65
Q

describe the osteoligamentous plate

A

as the ankle loads, the plate unwinds

66
Q

beam model

A

-arch of foot is a curved beam
-bending load occurs with loading
-tension on plantar side- stretches ligaments
-compression on dorsal side- squeezes bones
-beam deforms with load + recoils back to shape when unloaded

67
Q

truss + tie rod

A

-strut 1, posterior truss = calcaneus + talus
-strut 2, anterior truss = remaining tarsals + metatarsals
-tie rod = plantar aponeurosis
-when you load the foot it causes the 2 end points of the tied rod to pull away from each other, stretching the ligaments

68
Q

windlass mechanism

A

-when you extend metatarsophalangeal joint (1st ray), you heighten longitudinal arch
-this occurs because plantar aponeurosis crosses the MTP joint, which tensions it in extension
-tension in aponeurosis brings 1st ray + calcaneus closer to each other, increasing the arch
-occurs in both active/passive extension of MTP joint
-important for propulsion in gait

69
Q

MTP joint break

A

-obliquity to axis of 2-5
-distributes weight through toes more evenly, so that big toe isn’t taking all the weight

70
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

help to support the plantar arches during weight bearing

71
Q

type of joint: subtalar

A

mitered hinge

72
Q

type of joint: metatarsophalangeal

A

condyloid

73
Q

type of joint: talocrural

A

modified hinge

74
Q

type of joint: talonavicular

A

ball + socket

74
Q

type of joint: calcaneocuboid

A

saddle

Biomechanics Exam 2 (4 decks)

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