ANKLE/FOOT Flashcards by Tara Track

stability demands of foot

-stable base of support without unnecessary muscle activity
-rigid lever for propulsion to walk

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mobility demands of foot

-conform to complex terrain
-absorb shock from weight-bearing stresses

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close packed position for ALL foot joints

supination

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loose packed position for ALL foot joints

pronation

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how many df for proximal tibiofibular joint

2
-superior/inferior fibular sliding
-fibular rotation

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how many df of distal tibiofibular joint

syndemosis- no movement

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how many primary df of talocrural joint

1 with triplanar movement
-plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

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how many df for the subtalar joint

1
-pronation/supination

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how many df for metatarsophalangeal joint

2
-flexion/extension
-abduction/adduction

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calcaneovalgus

ankle in

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calcaneovarus

ankle out

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calcaneovalgus is inversion/eversion of calcaneus

eversion

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calcaneovarus is inversion/eversion of calcaneus

inversion

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what plane is abduction/adduction

transverse

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what plane is dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

sagittal

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what plane is inversion/eversion

frontal

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what type of joint is the tibiofibular joint (proximal)

synovial

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articular surfaces of proximal tibiofibular joint

convex = tibia
concave = fibula

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what ligament serves as fulcrum for movemnet of fibula

crural interosseous tibiofibular ligament

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articular surfaces of distal tibiofibular joint

convex = fibula
concave = tibia

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what is the most congruent joint in the body + why

talocrural joint
-due to mortise + tenon

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what is the ankle joint

talocrural joint

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what type of joint is talocrural joint

modified hinge joint

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mortise of talocrural joint

distal fibula + tibia

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tenon of talocrural joint

talus

which surface of the talocrural joint is the "trochlear"

superior

describe the obliquity of the axis of the subtalar joint

-trochlear surface of talus is a frustrum (section of a cone) -this causes 1 df with multiplanar movement

medial ligaments of foot

-MCL/deltoid -spring (plantar calcaneonavicular)

MCL/deltoid ligament function

prevents calcaneal valgus + checks ROM

lateral ligaments of foot

LCL

-anterior talofibular ligament -posterior talofibular ligament -calcaneofibular ligament

which ligament of the LCL is most commonly torn

anterior talofibular ligament

LCL function

checks varus stress

MCL/LCL is weaker + more prone to injury

LCL -when we roll our ankle we catch the lateral side

another name for subtalar joint

talocalcaneal joint

subtalar joint function

dampens rotational movement + weight bearing load

what joints are made up of 2 joints

-talocalcaneonavicular joint -transverse tarsal joint

what joint do both the talocalcaneonavicular + transverse tarsal joints share

talonavicular joint

what joints make up the talocalcaneonavicular joint

-talonavicular joint -subtalar joint

ligament for talocalcaneonavicular joint

spring ligament; very strong

articular surfaces of talocalcaneonavicular joint

-convex = talus -navicular = concave

what 2 joints make up the transverse tarsal joint

-talonavicular joint -calcaneocuboid joint

what type of joint is talonavicular joint

ball + socket

what type of joint is calcaneocuboid joint

saddle joint -restricted

function of transverse tarsal joint

-divides hindfoot + forefoot -s-shaped

which joint has rays

tarsometatarsal joint

function of tarsometatarsal joint

-cupping movement -allows foot to stay in contact during pronation/supination -accomodates complex terrain -acts as lever for propulsion -links hindfoot + mid/forefoot

which ray has the largest ROM

1st ray (big toe)

which ray is the strongest/most stable

2nd ray

describe the movement of each ray of the tarsometatarsal joint

-each ray rotates about a distinct axis -triplanar movement

dsecribe pronation/supination of tarsometatarsal joint

-pronation of hindfoot = supination of forefoot -supination of hindfoot = pronation of forefoot -allows foot to stay in contact with ground in complex terrain

in weight-bearing of the counteracting movement of pronation/supination- which has pronation

hindfoot

what joint does the tarsometatarsal joint work with to create the opposing pronation/supination

transverse tarsal joint

what is the toe joint

metatarsophalangeal joint

what type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint

condyloid

metatarsophalangeal joint function

-allows for hinging -evenly distributes weight across toes

describe the obliquity of axis of the metatarsophalangeal joint

oblique through MTP digits 2-5

describe the longitudinal arch

medial arch larger than lateral

ligaments of longitudinal arch

-spring ligament -long plantar ligament -plantar aponeurosis -short plantar ligament

transverse arch is in between which bones

tarsals + metatarsals

what supports transverse arch

peroneus longus

what bone of the foot receives the load

talus

how is the load of the foot distributed

-50% posteriorly -50% anteriorly

what parts of the foot receive 2x the load

-talonavicular joint -1st ray

describe the osteoligamentous plate

as the ankle loads, the plate unwinds

beam model

-arch of foot is a curved beam -bending load occurs with loading -tension on plantar side- stretches ligaments -compression on dorsal side- squeezes bones -beam deforms with load + recoils back to shape when unloaded

truss + tie rod

-strut 1, posterior truss = calcaneus + talus -strut 2, anterior truss = remaining tarsals + metatarsals -tie rod = plantar aponeurosis -when you load the foot it causes the 2 end points of the tied rod to pull away from each other, stretching the ligaments

windlass mechanism

-when you extend metatarsophalangeal joint (1st ray), you heighten longitudinal arch -this occurs because plantar aponeurosis crosses the MTP joint, which tensions it in extension -tension in aponeurosis brings 1st ray + calcaneus closer to each other, increasing the arch -occurs in both active/passive extension of MTP joint -important for propulsion in gait

MTP joint break

-obliquity to axis of 2-5 -distributes weight through toes more evenly, so that big toe isn't taking all the weight

intrinsic muscles

help to support the plantar arches during weight bearing

type of joint: subtalar

mitered hinge

type of joint: metatarsophalangeal

condyloid

type of joint: talocrural

modified hinge

type of joint: talonavicular

ball + socket

type of joint: calcaneocuboid

saddle